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Table 3 Sleep and temporal patterns of eating variables on non-workdays a

From: Relative validity of the Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire (CNBQ) against 11-day event-based ecological momentary assessment diaries of eating

 

CNBQ

EMA food diaries b

Paired

Mean

Limit of

Spearman

 

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

difference c

Agreement d

correlation e

Sleep variables

        

 Sleep time (clock time; decimal)

1050

23.62 (2.61)

1050

23.94 (1.67)

1050

− 0.32***

− 5.54, 4.90

0.65

 Wake time (clock time; decimal)

1050

7.46 (1.59)

1050

7.36 (1.50)

1050

0.10**

− 2.15, 2.35

0.74

 Daily sleep duration (hours; decimal)

1050

7.63 (1.42)

1050

7.17 (1.24)

1050

0.46****

− 2.27, 3.19

0.47

 Mid-sleep time (clock time; decimal)

1050

3.69 (1.59)

1050

3.82 (1.39)

1050

− 0.13**

− 2.78, 2.52

0.77

Daily eating frequency (number)

        

 Meals

1050

2.72 (0.49)

1050

2.69 (0.42)

1050

0.03*

− 0.74, 0.80

0.59

 Snacks

1050

1.26 (1.01)

1050

1.06 (0.82)

1050

0.20****

− 1.74, 2.14

0.47

 Total

1050

3.98 (1.17)

1050

3.75 (0.99)

1050

0.23****

− 1.91, 2.37

0.51

Start time of eating (clock time; decimal)

        

 First eating occasion

1050

9.13 (2.20)

1050

9.07 (1.97)

1050

0.06

− 2.90, 3.02

0.76

 Last eating occasion

1050

19.81 (1.62)

1050

19.61 (1.19)

1050

0.20****

− 2.68, 3.08

0.51

 First meal

1050

9.25 (2.40)

1050

9.19 (2.06)

1050

0.06

− 3.11, 3.23

0.76

 Last meal

1050

18.81 (1.02)

1050

18.98 (1.02)

1050

− 0.17****

− 2.04, 1.70

0.61

 First snack

752

14.57 (3.74)

949

14.87 (2.95)

726

− 0.23

− 7.74, 7.28

0.35

 Last snack

752

18.80 (3.18)

949

17.26 (2.78)

726

1.43****

− 5.26, 8.12

0.35

 Breakfast

803

8.13 (1.12)

961

8.28 (1.05)

796

0.00

− 1.69, 1.69

0.71

 Lunch

1016

12.55 (0.77)

1040

12.74 (0.72)

1010

− 0.19****

− 1.71, 1.33

0.49

 Dinner

1041

18.85 (0.89)

1048

19.14 (0.86)

1041

− 0.29****

− 1.70, 1.12

0.67

Duration of eating occasion (minutes; decimal)

        

 First eating occasion

1050

18.13 (10.38)

1050

15.05 (7.33)

1050

3.08****

− 18.01, 24.17

0.40

 Last eating occasion

1050

19.90 (20.54)

1050

20.61 (11.73)

1050

− 0.71

− 44.55, 43.13

0.20

 First meal

1050

18.13 (10.38)

1050

19.49 (12.98)

1050

− 1.37***

− 26.19, 23.45

0.54

 Last meal

1050

29.99 (18.70)

1050

36.08 (21.65)

1050

− 6.08****

− 41.59, 29.43

0.55

 First snack

751

12.41 (11.01)

949

14.34 (16.60)

726

− 1.89**

− 32.27, 28.49

0.32

 Last snack

751

14.35 (15.50)

949

16.32 (21.46)

726

− 2.20**

− 37.80, 33.40

0.40

 Breakfast

814

16.37 (7.51)

961

17.01 (8.53)

803

− 1.00***

− 16.14, 14.14

0.57

 Lunch

1019

21.36 (10.29)

1040

23.88 (11.21)

1012

− 2.45****

− 24.60, 19.70

0.47

 Dinner

1043

29.96 (18.46)

1048

35.80 (21.07)

1042

− 5.88****

− 40.25, 28.49

0.55

Eating window

        

 Duration of eating window 1 (hours; decimal)f

1050

10.68 (2.53)

1050

10.54 (2.06)

1050

0.13*

− 4.15, 4.41

0.54

 Duration of eating window 2 (hours; decimal)g

1050

11.01 (2.48)

1050

10.89 (2.07)

1050

0.12

− 4.20, 4.44

0.52

 Eating midpoint 1 (clock time; decimal)f

1050

14.47 (1.46)

1050

14.34 (1.26)

1050

0.13****

− 1.85, 2.11

0.74

 Eating midpoint 2 (clock time; decimal)g

1050

14.63 (1.48)

1050

14.51 (1.29)

1050

0.12****

− 1.89, 2.13

0.74

Time interval between sleep and eating (hours; decimal)

        

 Wake time and first eating occasion

1050

1.68 (1.75)

1050

1.73 (1.41)

1050

− 0.05

− 3.03, 2.93

0.54

 Wake time and first meal

1050

1.80 (1.92)

1050

1.84 (1.53)

1050

− 0.04

− 3.25, 3.17

0.57

 Last eating occasion and sleep time

1050

3.66 (1.67)

1050

4.14 (1.34)

1050

− 0.48****

− 3.81, 2.85

0.39

 Last meal and sleep time

1050

4.48 (1.55)

1050

4.50 (1.41)

1050

− 0.02

− 2.75, 2.71

0.59

  1. CNBQ Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire, EMA ecological momentary assessment, SD standard deviation
  2. a Meals included breakfast, lunch, and dinner. All time-related variables are shown in decimal format, with the unit of clock time; decimal (e.g., 23.62 means 11:37 PM, while 7.46 means 7:28 AM); hours; decimal (e.g., 7.63 means a duration of 7 h 38 min); or minutes; decimal (e.g., 18.13 means a duration of 18 min 8 s)
  3. b Based on 2–9 days’ data (median 4 days)
  4. c Calculated as the CNBQ-based value minus the EMA food diary-based value (at the individual level). Paired comparison was made using the paired t-test: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001
  5. d Calculated as mean difference plus-minus 1.96 SD of the difference
  6. e All values were significant (P < 0.0001)
  7. f Calculated using the start time of first eating occasion and the start time of last eating occasion
  8. g Calculated using the start time of first eating occasion and the finish time of last eating occasion
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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