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Table 2 Sleep and temporal patterns of eating variables on workdays a

From: Relative validity of the Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire (CNBQ) against 11-day event-based ecological momentary assessment diaries of eating

 

CNBQ

EMA food diaries b

Paired

Mean

Limit of

Spearman

 

n

Mean (SD)

n

Mean (SD)

n

difference c

Agreement d

correlation e

Sleep variables

        

 Sleep time (clock time; decimal)

1050

23.51 (1.58)

1050

23.56 (1.38)

1050

− 0.05

− 3.16, 3.06

0.71

 Wake time (clock time; decimal)

1050

6.24 (1.17)

1050

6.38 (1.22)

1050

− 0.14****

− 1.75, 1.47

0.79

 Daily sleep duration (hours; decimal)

1050

6.66 (1.16)

1050

6.53 (1.03)

1050

0.13****

− 1.70, 1.96

0.63

 Mid-sleep time (clock time; decimal)

1050

3.02 (1.77)

1050

3.24 (1.45)

1050

− 0.21****

− 2.82, 2.40

0.79

Daily eating frequency (number)

        

 Meals

1050

2.78 (0.45)

1050

2.77 (0.39)

1050

0.01

− 0.56, 0.58

0.69

 Snacks

1050

1.20 (0.98)

1050

0.99 (0.90)

1050

0.21****

− 1.72, 2.14

0.50

 Total

1050

3.99 (1.13)

1050

3.76 (1.02)

1050

0.22****

− 1.82, 2.26

0.55

Start time of eating (clock time; decimal)

        

 First eating occasion

1050

8.06 (2.44)

1050

8.07 (2.17)

1050

− 0.01

− 2.90, 2.88

0.80

 Last eating occasion

1050

20.37 (1.72)

1050

20.09 (1.24)

1050

0.27****

− 2.58, 3.12

0.58

 First meal

1050

8.14 (2.61)

1050

8.23 (2.30)

1050

− 0.09

− 2.97, 2.79

0.80

 Last meal

1050

19.40 (1.34)

1050

19.53 (1.17)

1050

− 0.13****

− 2.24, 1.98

0.70

 First snack

755

15.50 (4.38)

907

15.67 (3.63)

710

− 0.17

− 8.30, 7.96

0.47

 Last snack

755

19.35 (3.35)

907

17.99 (3.02)

710

1.28****

− 5.40, 7.96

0.39

 Breakfast

857

7.04 (0.89)

972

7.27 (1.00)

852

− 0.11****

− 1.34, 1.12

0.77

 Lunch

1025

12.44 (0.81)

1045

12.59 (0.73)

1024

− 0.13****

− 1.49, 1.23

0.61

 Dinner

1040

19.47 (1.15)

1049

19.64 (1.07)

1040

− 0.17****

− 1.75, 1.41

0.74

Duration of eating occasion (minutes; decimal)

        

 First eating occasion

1050

14.25 (7.38)

1050

11.53 (4.99)

1050

2.72****

− 11.80, 17.24

0.45

 Last eating occasion

1050

17.47 (18.89)

1050

18.31 (9.30)

1050

− 0.84

− 39.52, 37.84

0.28

 First meal

1050

14.25 (7.38)

1050

14.51 (7.14)

1050

− 0.26

− 13.65, 13.13

0.58

 Last meal

1050

26.86 (16.21)

1050

30.47 (16.67)

1050

− 3.61****

− 32.88, 25.66

0.58

 First snack

736

9.90 (11.94)

907

11.95 (18.28)

695

− 1.44*

− 32.25, 29.37

0.40

 Last snack

736

12.40 (15.60)

907

13.02 (19.28)

695

− 0.22

− 34.78, 34.34

0.43

 Breakfast

861

13.50 (6.14)

972

13.07 (6.29)

856

0.18

− 10.99, 11.35

0.60

 Lunch

1028

17.38 (7.24)

1045

18.20 (7.41)

1027

− 0.72***

− 13.20, 11.76

0.62

 Dinner

1039

26.84 (15.94)

1049

30.48 (16.69)

1039

− 3.64****

− 32.51, 25.23

0.58

Eating window

        

 Duration of eating window 1 (hours; decimal)f

1050

12.31 (2.78)

1050

12.03 (2.32)

1050

0.28****

− 3.75, 4.31

0.66

 Duration of eating window 2 (hours; decimal)g

1050

12.60 (2.76)

1050

12.33 (2.32)

1050

0.27****

− 3.82, 4.36

0.64

 Eating midpoint 1 (clock time; decimal)f

1050

14.21 (1.59)

1050

14.08 (1.34)

1050

0.13****

− 1.91, 2.17

0.74

 Eating midpoint 2 (clock time; decimal)g

1050

14.36 (1.61)

1050

14.23 (1.36)

1050

0.12***

− 1.95, 2.19

0.73

Time interval between sleep and eating (hours; decimal)

        

 Wake time and first eating occasion

1050

1.84 (2.32)

1050

1.77 (1.95)

1050

0.07

− 2.77, 2.91

0.73

 Wake time and first meal

1050

1.92 (2.46)

1050

1.90 (2.10)

1050

0.03

− 2.86, 2.92

0.73

 Last eating occasion and sleep time

1050

2.95 (1.59)

1050

3.33 (1.21)

1050

− 0.38****

− 3.39, 2.63

0.45

 Last meal and sleep time

1050

3.72 (1.58)

1050

3.67 (1.32)

1050

0.05

− 2.53, 2.63

0.66

  1. CNBQ Chrono-Nutrition Behavior Questionnaire, EMA ecological momentary assessment, SD standard deviation
  2. a Meals included breakfast, lunch, and dinner. All time-related variables are shown in decimal format, with the unit of clock time; decimal (e.g., 23.51 means 11:30 PM, while 6.24 means 6:14 AM); hours; decimal (e.g., 6.66 means a duration of 6 h 40 min); or minutes; decimal (e.g., 14.25 means a duration of 14 min 15 s)
  3. b Based on 2–9 days’ data (median 7 days)
  4. c Calculated as the CNBQ-based value minus the EMA food diary-based value (at the individual level). Paired comparison was made using the paired t-test: * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001
  5. d Calculated as mean difference plus-minus 1.96 SD of the difference
  6. e All values were significant (P < 0.0001)
  7. f Calculated using the start time of first eating occasion and the start time of last eating occasion
  8. g Calculated using the start time of first eating occasion and the finish time of last eating occasion
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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