Table 1 Basic characteristics of study participants (n = 1050) a
Variable | Value |
|---|---|
Female sex [n (%)] | 518 (49.3) |
Age (years) | 44.3 ± 13.9 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0 ± 3.9 |
Weight status [n (%)] | Â |
 Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | 82 (7.8) |
 Normal weight (BMI ≥ 18.5 to < 25 kg/m2) | 700 (66.7) |
 Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 to < 30 kg/m2) | 204 (19.4) |
 Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 64 (6.1) |
Smoking status [n (%)] | Â |
 Never | 680 (64.8) |
 Past | 188 (17.9) |
 Current | 182 (17.3) |
Living alone [n (%)] | 173 (16.5) |
Education level [n (%)] | Â |
 Junior high school or high school | 274 (26.1) |
 Junior college or technical school | 354 (33.7) |
 University or higher | 419 (39.9) |
 Other | 3 (0.3) |
Annual household income [n (%)] | Â |
 < 4 million Japanese yen | 294 (28.0) |
 ≥ 4 to < 7 million Japanese yen | 349 (33.2) |
 ≥ 7 million Japanese yen | 375 (35.7) |
 Unknown/do not want to answer | 32 (3.1) |
Employment status [n (%)] | Â |
 None | 63 (6.0) |
 Student | 25 (2.4) |
 Part-time paid job | 159 (15.1) |
 Full-time paid job | 803 (76.5) |
Number of workdays during the preceding month (per week) | 4.9 ± 0.8 |
Number of workdays during the 11-day EMA food diaries b | 6.5 ± 1.1 |
Number of non-workdays during the 11-day EMA food diaries b | 4.5 ± 1.1 |
Experience of shift work during the preceding three months [n (%)] | 246 (23.4) |
Night shift work during the period of 11-day EMA food diaries [n (%)] b | 55 (5.2) |
Use of an alarm clock on workdays [n (%)] | 897 (85.4) |
Use of an alarm clock on non-workdays [n (%)] | 391 (37.2) |