Table 2 Change in mental health and wellbeing outcomes explored through lens of contextual factors
Contextual factor | Studies (n) | Mental health/wellbeing outcome | Improvement/No improvement | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type of MVPA | Dance | 1 | PTSD (n = 1) Psychological distress (n = 1) | ✔  ×  | |
Self-defence | 3 | PTSD (n = 3) Self-efficacy (n = 2) Depressive symptoms (n = 2) Generalised anxiety (n = 1) | ✔✔ ×  ✔ ×  ✔ ×   ×  | ||
Boxing | 2 | Self-esteem (n = 1) Empowerment (n = 1) Quality of Life (n = 1) Resilience (n = 1) | ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ | ||
Mixed aerobic MVPA | 2 | PTSD (n = 1) Self-esteem (n = 1) Rumination (n = 1) |  ×  ✔  ×  | ||
Adventure activities | 1 | Self-efficacy (n = 1) Self-esteem (n = 1) Depressive symptoms (n = 1) | ✔ ✔ ✔ | ||
Physical environment | Indoors | 8 | PTSD (n = 5) Self-efficacy (n = 2) Self-esteem (n = 2) Depressive symptoms (n = 2) Empowerment (n = 1) Quality of Life (n = 1) Resilience (n = 1) Psychological distress (n = 1) Generalised anxiety (n = 1) Rumination (n = 1) | ✔✔✔ ×  ×  ✔ ×  ✔✔ ✔ ×  ✔ ✔ ✔  ×   ×  | |
Outdoors | 1 | Self-efficacy (n = 1) Self-esteem (n = 1) Depressive symptoms (n = 1) | ✔ ✔ ✔ | ||
Social environment | Individual | 1 | Self-esteem (n = 1) | ✔ | |
Group | 8 | PTSD (n = 5) Self-efficacy (n = 3) Self-esteem (n = 2) Depressive symptoms (n = 3) Empowerment (n = 1) Quality of Life (n = 1) Resilience (n = 1) Psychological distress (n = 1) Generalised anxiety (n = 1) Rumination (n = 1) | ✔✔✔ ×  ×  ✔✔ ×  ✔✔ ✔✔ ×  ✔ ✔ ✔  ×   ×   ×  | ||
Delivery/Supervision | Unsupervised | 0 | - | - | |
Trained/qualified instructor | 9 | PTSD (n = 5) Self-efficacy (n = 3) Self-esteem (n = 3) Depressive symptoms (n = 3) Empowerment (n = 1) Quality of Life (n = 1) Resilience (n = 1) Psychological distress (n = 1) Generalised anxiety (n = 1) Rumination (n = 1) | ✔✔✔ ×  ×  ✔✔ ×  ✔✔✔ ✔✔ ×  ✔ ✔ ✔  ×   ×   ×  | ||
Additional mental health support person | 4 | PTSD (n = 2) Self-efficacy (n = 2) Self-esteem (n = 2) Depressive symptoms (n = 1) Quality of Life (n = 1) Resilience (n = 1) Psychological distress (n = 1) | ✔✔ ✔✔ ✔✔ ✔ ✔ ✔  ×  | ||
No additional mental health support person | 5 | PTSD (n = 3) Self-efficacy (n = 1) Self-esteem (n = 1) Depressive symptoms (n = 1) Empowerment (n = 1) Generalised anxiety (n = 1) Rumination (n = 1) | ✔ ×  ×   ×  ✔ ✔ ✔  ×   ×  | ||