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Table 2 Comparison of those with and without recess information, mean (SD), n(%)

From: Elementary school compliance with a state recess minimum requirement by racial and geographic factors: a cross-sectional study

 

Recess Info Obtained (n = 358)

No Recess Info (n = 142)

p-value

School Enrollment, M(SD)

397.9 (153.9)

389.1 (164.1)

0.574

Grades in School, N(%)

  

0.393

Lower

28 (7.3%)

15 (10.6%)

 

Upper

35 (9.1%)

15 (10.6%)

 

Mixed

321 (83.6%)

112 (78.9%)

 

Enrollment by Race, M(SD)

   

% Black

19.8 (27.9)

22.9 (29.5)

0.270

% Hispanic

12.3 (14.2)

13.5 (15.2)

0.420

% White

59.3 (29.2)

56.3 (31.6)

0.311

 % Minoritya

39.6 (28.9)

43.6 (31.7)

0.177

Schools with high Black enrollment, N(%)

105 (27.3%)

48 (33.8%)

0.148

% Students receiving FRL, M(SD) a

63.8 (20.0)

67.8 (19.7)

0.047

Schools in Rural Counties, N(%)

147 (38.3%)

58 (40.9%)

0.592

Region, N(%)

  

0.100

Northwest

141 (36.7%)

47 (33.1%)

 

Northeast

73 (19.0%)

37 (26.1%)

 

Central

114 (26.7%)

30 (21.1%)

 

Southwest

36 (9.4%)

16 (113%)

 

Southeast

20 (5.2%)

12 (8.5%)

 

Charter School a, N(%)

14 (3.7%)

4 (2.9%)

0.679

Weighted Achievement a, b, M(SD)

57.0 (15.0)

54.8 (16.1)

0.151

Value-added Growth Score a, c, M(SD)

80.7 (3.2)

80.2 (3.2)

0.117

  1. a 8 schools did not have school achievement %FRL, or %minority from 2022–2023 OEP (n = 3 with recess info, 5 without recess info), b performance on state standardized tests with higher scores indicating higher performance, c within student change in standardized test performance with higher scores indicating greater growth