Table 3 Effectiveness of urban trails on changes in cycling traffic
Study | Intervention type | Design | Outcome units | Intervention Baseline | Intervention Post | Effect Size (confidence intervals) | Group x Time Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Auchincloss et al. 2019 | MUP | Pre-Post Control | Persons / hour | 100 ± 45 | 116 ± 48 | + 5% (+ 4, + 9%) | Yes |
Fitzhugh et al. 2010 | MUP | Pre-Post control | Persons / 2 h | 4.5 (2.5-6) | 13 (11–15) | p = 0.001 | Yes |
Garber et al. 2022 | MUP/PBL | Synthetic Control | Miles ridden/month | NR | NR | + 1922 (-394, + 3542) | Yes |
Hans et al. 2017 | MUP | Pre-Post Control | Cyclists / hour | 126 (122,130) | 206 (195,210) | + 61 vs. + 7% | No |
Heesch et al. 2016 | MUP/PBL | Pre-Post Control | Cyclists / month | --- | --- | + 225 (+ 78, + 372) | Yes |
Nguyen et al. 2015 | MUP (wide) | Pre-Post | Cyclists / hour | 45 ± 24.5 | 57.6 ± 34.9 | + 28% | No |
Nguyen et al. 2015 | MUP (small) | Pre-Post | Cyclists / hour | 38.8 ± 32.4 | 55.8 ± 36.6 | + 44% | No |
Rissel et al. 2015 | MUP | Pre-Post | Cyclists/Month | 201(B) & 812(A)* | 395 (B) & 1001 (A)* | + 97% (B) & +23% (A) | No |
Xiao et al. 2022 | MUP (Paris) | Interrupted time series | Cyclists / day | 2009 ± 1507 | 2703 ± 2351 | 218 (-189, 626) | Yes |
Xiao et al. 2022 | MUP (Lyon) | Interrupted time series | Cyclists / day | 1336 ± 1120 | 1663 ± 1223 | 34 (-65, 133) | Yes |