Table 3 The final version of the definitions for the PAB determinants
Agreement (%)a | Final definition1 | |
|---|---|---|
Individual and biological | ||
Age | 95.7 | The span of time since an individual’s birth, generally marked in years or months. Also referred to as chronological age. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [35], modified) |
Body fat | 88.4 | Specialised tissue known as adipose, with distinctive metabolic and endocrine functions, and often addressed within the context of body composition. (Based on Sebastiano [36], modified) |
Education attainment level | 98.6 | The highest level of schooling or education completed by an individual or group. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [37], modified) |
Ethnicity | 85.5 | A shared identity that distinguishes between different subgroups, based on a common geographical or national origin, and rooted in cultural, historical, religious, and traditional facets. (Based on Barkan [38], modified) |
Genetic profile and regulation | 69.6 | The agreement did not reach the required threshold. |
Health status | 78.3 | The extent to which an individual or group can perform or engage in anticipated roles and functions, at a physical, mental, emotional, and social level. (Based on Porta & Last [39], modified) |
Heart rate | 92.8 | The frequency at which an individual’s heart contracts within a specific time period, typically per minute. (Based on Zipes [40], modified) |
Household income | 85.5 | The aggregate income of all members of a household over a specific time period, adjusted for the number of members and the overall household size. (Based on Lee et al. [41], modified) |
Life events | 87.0 | Social, psychological, and environmental occurrences that require adaptation or trigger a change in an individual's pattern of living. Based on National Center for Biotechnology Information [31], modified) |
Physical fitness | 85.5 | An individual's capacity to perform physical activities, including components such as cardiorespiratory fitness, musculoskeletal fitness (i.e., muscular endurance and strength), flexibility, and body composition. (Based on Caspersen et al. [42], modified) |
Setting | 92.8 | A specific environment or context in which particular behaviours are observed. (Established during the study) |
Sex | 89.9 | Biological and physiological distinctions, typically involving variations in reproductive systems, chromosomal patterns, and hormone profiles, most often classified as male or female. (Based on Gender Equality Commission [43], modified) |
Socioeconomic status | 94.2 | The position of an individual or group within society, based on a combination of education, income, occupation, and other social factors. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [44], modified) |
Stress | 87.0 | A physiological or psychological reaction to intense physical, mental, or emotional demands or challenges, stemming from internal or external sources. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [45], modified) |
Psychological | ||
Enjoyment | 92.8 | A subjective experience that is characterised by a sense of pleasure and enthusiasm that is derived from that experience. (Based on Kruk et al. [46], modified) |
Mental fatigue | 91.3 | A state of exhaustion and decreased cognitive performance, often associated with prolonged mental activities or stress. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [47], modified) |
Motivation / goal Setting | 92.8 | The driving force that instils purpose or direction in an individual’s behaviour, at both a conscious and unconscious level. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [48], modified) |
Parental (role) modelling | 92.8 | A learning process through observation, where the behaviour exhibited by the parent serves as a stimulus for similar interests or behaviours in their child. (Based on Tibbs et al. [21], modified) |
Perceived behavioural control | 94.2 | The degree to which an individual believes they have active control of their behaviours. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [49], modified) |
Perceived competency | 92.8 | An individual's conviction about their ability to perform a given task in an effective and efficient manner. (Based on APA Dictionary of Psychology [50], modified) |
Self-efficacy | 92.8 | An individual’s subjective perception of their capability to perform in a given setting or to attain desired results [51] |
Self-regulation | 84.1 | An individual's ability to manage and monitor their emotions, behaviours, and desires subject to external demands, as a means for functioning within society. (Based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information [52], modified) |
Behavioural domain | ||
Active transport | 91.3 | Performing physical activity as a mode of transport, such as walking, cycling, and other non-motorised means. (Based on French et al. [53] modified) |
Independent active mobility | 89.9 | The individual’s ability to physically move around within their environment without assistance. (Based on Wales et al. [54], modified) |
PABs history and patterns | 82.6 | An individual's historical engagement in physical activity and their consistent habits, as identified over a specific time period. (Established during the study) |
Participation in organised sports | 89.9 | The frequency, duration, and intensity of physical activity performance that entails predefined rules, formal training, and competitions, and that is held by a formal sports organisation. (Established during the study) |
Phone usage | 84.1 | The frequency and duration of mobile phone use. (Established during the study) |
Sedentary behavior | 92.8 | Any waking behavior characterized by an energy expenditure ≤ 1.5 metabolic equivalents (METs), while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture [32] |
Sleep | 92.8 | A circadian state characterized by partial or total suspension of consciousness, voluntary muscle inhibition, and relative insensitivity to stimulation [55] |
Environmental domain | ||
Access to sports / recreation facilities | 87.0 | The accessibility and closeness of the nearest sports or recreational facility to the individual’s home or work. (Established during the study) |
Availability of physical activity programs and equipment within schools and the community | 84.1 | The existence and accessibility of physical activity initiatives and equipment within educational institutions and local community settings. (Established during the study) |
Backyard access/size | 73.9 | The agreement did not reach the required threshold. |
Green space access | 89.9 | The accessibility and closeness of a natural environment in relation to the individual’s place of residence or work (e.g., a school, office, or care facility). (Established during the study) |
Neighbourhood characteristics | 89.9 | The demographic, social, architectural, or economic attributes of a geographic area in which individuals reside. (Based on the National Center for Biotechnology Information [56], modified) |
Physical activity provision and ethos in setting | 82.6 | The opportunities available to the individual for engaging in physical activity within a given environment. (Established during the study) |
Provision proximity (parks / playground) | 92.8 | The geographical distance between a given location and recreational green spaces (e.g., parks or playgrounds). (Established during the study) |
Time outdoors | 82.6 | The duration spent engaging in sports and other leisure activities outside of enclosed structures. (Established during the study) |
Socio-cultural domain | ||
Companionship | 85.5 | The physical presence of a companion or friend, who tends to provide emotional and social support. (Based on Doble & Santha [57], modified) |
Cultural perspective on PABs | 87.0 | The impact of historical and societal factors on the individual’s attitudes, beliefs, motivations, and practices regarding physical activity. (Established during the study) |
Group, family, peer support | 91.3 | An individual's perceptions of receiving care, encouragement, and value from their family, friends, colleagues, or others. (Established during the study) |
Social contact | 89.9 | Interactions with others, which involve face-to-face or media-related activities. (Based on Taguchi et al. [58], modified) |