Geophagia in pregnancy and its association with nutritional status - A prospective cohort study in rural north-eastern Tanzania

Table 4 Changes in nutritional status parameters from first trimester and initiation of geophagia in third trimester

Parameter¹	Geophagia initiated				OR [95%CI]	AOR [95%CI]³	AOR p-value
Parameter¹	n	No²	n	Yes²	OR [95%CI]	AOR [95%CI]³	AOR p-value
MUAC (cm)	188	-0.36 [-0.60;-0.12]	69	-0.62 [-1.01;-0.23]	0.91 [0.78;1.08]	0.92 [0.78;1.09]	0.340
B12 (pmol/L)	180	-3.23 [-3.64;-2.82]	68	-3.45 [-4.16;-2.73]	0.97 [0.88;1.07]	0.94 [0.85;1.04]	0.235
Folate (nmol/L)	173	-6.37 [-8.48;-4.25]	64	-12.55 [-16.75;-8.35]	0.97 [0.95;0.99]	0.97 [0.95;0.99]	0.008
Ferritin (µg/L)	180	-2.46 [-3.16;-1.76]	68	-2.80 [-3.95;-1.64]	0.99 [0.93;1.04]	0.98 [0.93;1.04]	0.502
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	188	-0.79 [-1.00;-0.58]	70	-1.31 [-1.55;-1.07]	0.71 [0.55;0.91]	0.71 [0.55;0.91]	0.008

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; B12, serum vitamin B12; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; OR, crude odds ratio
¹Nutritional status parameters measured in the first and third trimesters. Ferritin was corrected for inflammation using a correction factor of 0.67 if CRP > 0.5mg/L at the time of measurement
²Mean difference [95%CI] from first to third trimester
³Adjusted for civil status, gestational age (days) at enrollment, and supplementation with vitamin B12 or multivitamin syrup (Hemovit) during pregnancy. P-values < 0.05 are shown in bold

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