Table 6 Intervention characteristics of health behaviour interventions in university students as per TIDieR checklist abbreviations: RR, retention rate; BMI, brief motivational interviewing; SFAS, substance free activity session; MI: motivational interviewing
Study; Sample Size | Participant Age (range) | Intervention type | Theory | Who; Where | How | When; How Much | Tailoring | Modification | How Well |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention vs. Control | |||||||||
Hahn, 2021 N = 200 | ≥ 18 | Diet | Dietary Self-Monitoring | Trained research staff, Combination | Individual, In person + Technology | 4 weeks, 9.5 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 96.0% RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Sharp,2016 N = 184 | ≥ 17 | Exercise | NA | Not specified, Researcher-based | Individual, In person + Technology | 12 weeks, 2 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 74.5% RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Taylor, 2014 N = 34 | 18–27 | Sleep | Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) | Graduate Student, Researched-based | Individual, In person | 6 weeks, 6 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 85.3% RR final follow up: 20.6% Fidelity– Planned: High– The evaluators rated each component specified in the treatment manual in each session on a 5-point Likert -type scale (0 = poor/absent, 2 = present/acceptable,4 = excellent). Actual: Mean rating for adherence of evaluated sessions was 2.85 (SD – 0.56). Overall mean of 90.49% (SD- 14.78) of required components present per treatment manual. |
Freeman,2017 N = 3755 | ≥ 18 | Sleep | Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 10 weeks, 3 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 48.6% RR final follow up: 41.9% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Hershner,2018 N = 549 | ≥ 18 | Sleep | NA | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 8 weeks, Unclear | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 63.9% RR final follow up: 65.2% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Huberty, 2019 N = 109 | ≥ 18 | Sleep | Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 8 weeks, 28 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 83.5% RR final follow up: 55.0% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Spanhel, 2022 N = 81 | 20–42 | Sleep | NA | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 3 weeks, 1.5 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: NA RR final follow up: 64.2% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Murphy,2012 N = 82 | 18–21 | Alcohol Intake | Behavioural Motivation & Behavioural Economic Supplement | Graduate student, Researched-based | Individual, In person | Unclear, 2 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 100% RR final follow up: 86.6% Fidelity– Planned: High Each of the components on the protocol was rated as a 1 “Did it poorly or didn’t do it but should have,” 2 “Meets Expectations,” or 3 “Above Expectations”. A score of 2 or higher indicated that the intervention component was delivered in a manner that was consistent. with the protocol in terms of both content and motivational interviewing style. Actual: BMI protocol adherence: Mean rating 1.89 (SD- 0.35). 92% of components meeting/ exceeding expectations MI skills in BMI adherence: Mean rating 2.00 (SD- 0.19). 93% of components meeting / exceeding expectations SFAS protocol adherence: Mean rating 1.91 (SD- 0.31). 91% of components meeting / exceeding expectations MI skills in SFAS adherence: Mean rating 1.96 (SD- 0.17). 90% of components meeting / exceeding expectations Relaxation session adherence: Mean rating 2.03 (SD- 0.07). 93% of components meeting / exceeding expectations |
Pengpid,2013 N = 152 | ≥ 18 | Alcohol Intake | Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) Model | Research assistant nurses, Researcher-based | Individual, In person | Brief intervention, 1 session | Yes | No | RR post intervention: NA RR final follow up: 96.7% Fidelity– Planned: Moderate Actual: At least 13/15 requisite intervention steps were implemented in 82% of intervention sessions |
Paulus, 2021 N = 125 | ≥ 18 | Alcohol Intake | Personalised Feedback | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | Brief intervention, 0.5 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 84.0% RR final follow up: 67.2% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Shuai,2022 N = 76 | 18–25 | Alcohol Intake | Functional Imagery Training (FIT) | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 2 weeks, 4 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 68.4% RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Buckner,2020 N = 102 | ≥ 18 | Drug Use | Personalised Feedback | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | Brief intervention, 0.5 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 61.8% RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Greene,2012 N = 1689 | 18–24 | Diet and Exercise | Dick and Carey’s System of Instructional Design and Keller’s Instructional Motivational Model | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 10 weeks, 5 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 79.8% RR final follow up: 66.7% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Kattelman,2014 N = 1639 | 18–24 | Diet and Exercise | PRECEDE-PROCEED & Dick and Carey’s Model of Instructional Design | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 10 weeks, 20.5 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 75.7% RR final follow up: 59.4% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Duan, 2017 N = 493 | 17–24 | Diet and Exercise | Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 8 weeks, 4 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 68.4% RR final follow up: 28.8% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Sandrick, 2017 N = 60 | 18–30 | Diet, Exercise, Sleep | NA | Health professional, Combination | Individual, In person + Technology | 8 weeks, 9 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 100.0% RR final follow up: 100.0% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Yang,2020 N = 532 | 16–24 | Diet, Exercise, Sleep | Social Cognitive Theory | Instructor, Researcher-based | Group, In person | 7 weeks, 7 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: NA RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Yan, 2023 N = 52 | ≥ 18 | Diet, Exercise, Sleep | NA | Peer, Researcher-based | Individual, In person | 8 weeks, 8 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 82.7 RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Intervention vs. Intervention | |||||||||
Okajima, 2022 N = 48 | N | Sleep | Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 8 weeks, 4 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 85.4% RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Sleep | NA | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | 8 weeks, 2 sessions | No | No | |||
Duan,2022 N = 565 | ≥ 18 | Diet and Exercise | Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) | Not specified, Researcher-based | Individual, In person | 8 weeks, 8 sessions | No | No | RR post intervention: 74.3% RR final follow up: 63.0% Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Diet and Exercise | Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) | Not specified, Researcher-based | Individual, In person | 8 weeks, 8 sessions | No | No | |||
Whatnall,2019 N = 124 | 17–35 | Diet | PRECEDE-PROCEED, Social Cognitive Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | Brief intervention, 0.25 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 72.6% RR final follow up: NA Fidelity– Planned: Low Actual: NA |
Alcohol Intake | Personalized Feedback | Automated Delivery, Participant-based | Individual, Technology | Brief intervention, 0.25 sessions | Yes | No | |||
Murphy,2019 N = 393 | N | Alcohol Intake | Behavioural Motivation & Behavioural Economic Supplement | Graduate student, Researcher-based | Individual, In person | Brief intervention, 2 sessions | Yes | No | RR post intervention: 93.1% RR final follow up: 79.1% Fidelity– Planned: High Each of the components on the protocol was rated as a 1 “Did it poorly or didn’t do it but should have,” 2 “Meets expectations,” or 3 “Above Expectations” Actual: BMI protocol adherence: Mean rating 1.94 (SD- 0.23). 88% of components meeting/ exceeding expectations SFAS protocol adherence: Mean rating 1.85 (SD- 0.42). 87% of components meeting / exceeding expectations Relaxation session adherence: Mean rating 2.27 (SD- 0.47). 99% of components meeting / exceeding expectations MI treatment integrity: All codes demonstrated acceptable reliability. |
Alcohol Intake | Behavioural Motivation & Behavioural Economic Supplement | Graduate student, Researcher-based | Individual, In person | Brief intervention, 2 sessions | Yes | No | |||