Table 5 Penetration, participation, implementation, and effectiveness of randomized controlled health behaviour change trials in university students
Study | Country | Age Range | Sample Size (baseline) | Intervention | Penetration Rate (%) | Implementation (Fidelity) | Participation Rate (%) | Effectiveness | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Health Behaviour | Mental Health | ||||||||
Intervention vs. Control | |||||||||
Hahn, 2021 | US | ≥ 18 | 200 | Diet | 18 | Low | 25 | NS | NS |
Sharp,2016 | Canada | ≥ 17 | 184 | Exercise | NAC | Low | NAC | NS | NS |
Taylor, 2014 | US | 18–27 | 34 | Sleep | NAC | High | 20 | S | NS |
Freeman,2017 | UK | ≥ 18 | 3755 | Sleep | NAC | Low | 44 | S | S |
Hershner,2018 | US | ≥ 18 | 549 | Sleep | 28 | Low | 81 | S | S |
Huberty, 2019 | US | ≥ 18 | 109 | Sleep | NAC | Low | 33 | NS | S |
Spanhel, 2022 | Germany | 20–42 | 81 | Sleep | NAC | Low | 59 | S | S – depression only |
Murphy,2012 | US | 18–21 | 82 | Alcohol Intake | NAC | High | 7 | NS | NS |
Pengpid,2013 | South Africa | ≥ 18 | 152 | Alcohol Intake | NAC | Moderate | 21 | S- alcohol intake only | NS |
Murphy,2019 | US | N | 393 | Alcohol Intake | NAC | High | 7 | S | S – depression and anxiety only |
Paulus, 2021 | US | ≥ 18 | 125 | Alcohol Intake | NAC | Low | 12 | S | NS |
Shuai,2022 | UK | 18–25 | 76 | Alcohol Intake | NAC | Low | 34 | NS | S – depression only |
Buckner,2020 | US | ≥ 18 | 102 | Drug Use | NAC | Low | NAC | S | S |
Greene,2012 | US | 18–24 | 1689 | Diet and Exercise | NAC | Low | 19 | S | S |
Kattelman,2014 | US | 18–24 | 1639 | Diet and Exercise | NAC | Low | 26 | S- diet and sleep only | NS |
Duan, 2017 | China | 17–24 | 493 | Diet and Exercise | 53 | Low | 87 | S- diet only | NS |
Duan,2022 | China | ≥ 18 | 565 | Diet and Exercise | NAC | Low | 89 | S | NS |
Sandrick, 2017 | US | 18–30 | 60 | Diet, Exercise, Sleep | NAC | Low | 71 | S – exercise only | NS |
Yang,2020 | China | 16–24 | 532 | Diet, Exercise, Sleep | NAC | Low | NAC | S | NS |
Yan,2023 | US | ≥ 18 | 52 | Diet, Exercise, Sleep | NAC | Low | NAC | S-exercise only | NS |
Intervention vs. Intervention | |||||||||
Okajima, 2022 | Japan | N | 48 | Sleep | NAC | Low | 27 | S | S- depression and anxiety only |
Duan,2022 | China | ≥ 18 | 565 | Diet and Exercise | NAC | Low | 89 | S- diet only | NS |
Whatnall,2019 | Australia | 17–35 | 124 | Diet and Alcohol Intake | NAC | Low | 41 | S-diet only | NS |
Murphy,2019 | US | N | 393 | Alcohol Intake | NAC | High | 7 | NS | NS |