Table 2 An overview of data collection methods including participants and timings

Meeting observations

Observation of physical activity strategic influencing meetings to document and reflect on factors influencing the work

Strategy group membership numbers have expanded as the district’s whole system approach has evolved, but it has ranged from 8 core members when it was first established to approximately 20. Indicative roles include the JUMP LDP Strategic Director, Active Partnership CEO, Bradford City Council Sport and Physical Activity Manager, Traffic and Road Safety Principal Engineer, Deputy Director of Public Health, Parks and Green Space Manager, Living Well Lead

Every other meeting (once every 2 months) from Jan 2021 - Jan 2024

Observation of key (co-production) workshops with wider stakeholders to document and reflect on factors influencing the work

Workshop participants included those from a range of sectors (e.g. public health, environment, neighborhoods, children and young people, sport and recreation and communication and marketing) with an interest in the district’s partnership approach to supporting physical activity (such as council officers, councillors, and community organisation representatives). Participant numbers fluctuated but ranged from 70–90 participants attending each workshop

Six workshops, held in Dec 2021, May 2022, July 2022, Sept 2022, March 2023, and Jan 2024.

Semi-structured interviews and focus groups

Interviews and focus groups with the strategy group to understand barriers and facilitators, and change mechanisms related to embedding physical activity in policy and practice

Strategy group membership numbers have expanded as the district’s whole system approach has evolved, but it has ranged from 8 core members when it was first established to approximately 20. Indicative roles include the JUMP LDP Strategic Director, Active Partnership CEO, Bradford City Council Sport and Physical Activity Manager, Traffic and Road Safety Principal Engineer, Deputy Director of Public Health, Parks and Green Space Manager, Living Well Lead

Six interviews (Aug 2021), one focus group (5 participants) and two interviews (Aug 2022), two interviews and one focus group (7 participants) (Aug 2023)

Focus groups to understand experiences and impact of co-production activities

Sub-sample of wider stakeholders (such as council officers, councillors, and community organisation representatives)

Two focus groups in June 2022 (13 participants)

Policy and feedback surveys

To characterise the sample and understand barriers and facilitators, and change mechanisms related to embedding physical activity in policy and practice

Strategy group & wider stakeholders (such as council officers, councillors, and community organisation representatives)

Surveys in Dec 2021 and Jan 2024, and a Dec 2021 workshop follow-up survey.