Table 4 Imputed hierarchical multivariable linear regression analyses with parental lifestyle patterns. The lifeways study. (N = 932)

Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics

Maternal education level

High

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Medium

0.45 (0.23, 0.67)

< .001

0.37 (0.15, 0.59)

< .001

Low

0.57 (0.30, 0.84)

< .001

0.46 (0.19, 0.73)

< .001

Paternal education

High

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Medium

0.35 (0.12, 0.59)

0.004

0.29 (0.05, 0.53)

0.02

Low

0.40 (0.16, 0.63)

< .001

0.27 (0.04, 0.51)

0.02

Maternal employment

Employed/self-employed

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Not employed

-0.06 (-0.27, 0.15)

0.58

-0.13 (-0.34, 0.08)

0.22

Paternal employment

Employed/self-employed

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Not employed

0.33 (-0.46, 1.12)

0.42

0.32 (-0.44, 1.08)

0.41

Parity

Primiparous

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Multiparous

0.31 (0.10, 0.52)

0.004

0.32 (0.11, 0.54)

0.003

Household income

4th quartile (highest) ≥ 600£/week

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3rd quartile

NA

NA

NA

NA

2nd quartile

NA

NA

NA

NA

1st quartile (lowest) < 600£/week

0.26 (0.05, 0.46)

0.01

0.18 (-0.03, 0.38)

0.09

Parents live together

Yes

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No

0.21 (-0.02, 0.43)

0.07

0.16 (-0.06, 0.39)

0.16

Maternal age

-0.06 (-0.09, -0.03)

< .001

-0.05 (-0.08, -0.02)

< .001

Paternal age

-0.02 (-0.04, 0.01)

0.16

-0.02 (-0.04, 0.01)

0.20

Psychosocial factors and health-care access

Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy

No

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Yes

0.18 (-0.03, 0.40)

0.10

Free/subsidised health insurance for very low-income families or no complementary insurance

No

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Yes

0.49 (0.28, 0.70)

< .001

Antenatal visits

< 6 antenatal visits

0.14 (-0.14, 0.42)

0.32

≥ 6 antenatal visits

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