Table 1 Characteristics of the cohort populations*
From: Socioecological correlates of parental lifestyle patterns during the antenatal period
EDEN* (N = 1,962) | Gen R (N = 8,765) | Lifeways (N = 932) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Population % (n) or mean +/- SD | Population % (n) or mean +/- SD | Population % (n) or mean +/- SD | |
Maternal characteristics | |||
Maternal age (years) | 29.5 ± 4.9 | 30.3 ± 5.3 | 29.6 ± 5.9 |
Born abroad | 4.1 (79) | 34.3 (2897) | NA |
Employed/self-employed | 76.3 (1461) | 72.9 (4772) | 67.2 (620) |
Maternal education | |||
Low | 7.5 (144) | 11.0 (901) | 18.8 (171) |
Medium | 39 (745) | 46.0 (3753) | 31.3 (285) |
High | 53.5 (1021) | 43.0 (3508) | 49.9 (454) |
Household income | |||
1st quartile (lowest) | 16.7 (318) | 20.1 (1306) a | 62.9 (531) d |
2nd quartile | 29.7 (564) | 25.0 (1621) b | 37.1 (313) e |
3rd quartile | 26.3 (500) | 54.9 (3563) c | NA |
4th quartile (highest) | 27.2 (517) | NA | NA |
Primiparous | 44.6 (848) | 56.03 (4810) | 45.9 (421) |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²) | 23.28 ± 4.6 | 23.70 ± 4.39 | 23.7 ± 4.1 |
Parents live together | 94.1 (1806) | 85.80 (7029) | 73.7 (686) |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy | 14 (228) | 17.96 (1290) | 22.4 (199) |
Paternal characteristics | |||
Paternal age (years) | 32.0 ± 5.9 | 33.4 ± 6.0 | 32.1 ± 6.2 |
Born abroad | 7.3 (138) | 35.6 (2785) | NA |
Employed/self-employed | 91.1 (1709) | 91.3 (4356) | 99.1 (751) |
Paternal education | |||
Low | 10 (191) | 8.2 (423) | 31.8 (261) |
Medium | 46.3 (885) | 41.2 (2115) | 26.9 (221) |
High | 43.7 (835) | 50.6 (2602) | 41.3 (339) |
Paternal prepregnancy BMI (kg/m²) | 25 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 3.5 | 26.6 ± 4.1 |
Paternal smoking during pregnancy | 40.2 (697) | 44.8 (3282) | 32.3 (87) |
Environmental Variables | |||
Population density | 2709.8 ± 2231.3 | 3867.9 ± 638.4 | NA |
Access to green space | 136.02 ± 142.1 | 201.8 ± 160.8 | NA |
Road and rail traffic | 9.7 ± 4.6 | 19.4 ± 5.8 | NA |
Street connectivity density | 106.3 ± 65.3 | 227.6 ± 86.5 | NA |
Food facility density | NA | ||
Slightly unhealthy food environment (score 0) | 68.3 (1297) | 21.4 (1640) | NA |
Highly unhealthy food environment (score 1) | 31.7 (601) | 78.6 (6034) | NA |
Facility richness | 0.13 ± 0.1 f | NA | |
0 | 34 (646) | NA | NA |
0-0.05 | 34 (646) | NA | NA |
> 0.05 | 31.9 (606) | NA | NA |
Area-level socioeconomic indicator at pregnancy | NA | ||
Low level of deprivation | 25.1 (466) | 60.4 (4613) | NA |
Medium-low level of deprivation | 20.4 (379) | 10.1 (770) | NA |
Medium level of deprivation | 15.9 (295) | 10.9 (832) | NA |
Medium-high level of deprivation | 19.6 (364) | 9.9 (757) | NA |
High level of deprivation | 19 (353) | 8.8 (672) | NA |
Psychosocial factors | |||
Psychiatric disorders during pregnancy | 5.7 (111) | 10.6 (689) | 20.4 (185) g |
Free/subsidised health insurance for very low income families or no complementary insurance | 9.3 (179) | NA | 55.4 (515) |
Access to health care | NA | ||
Antenatal visits | |||
< 7 | 12.5 (234) | 26.4 (134) h | |
≥ 7 | 87.5 (1645) | 73.6 (374) i | |
Antenatal preparation for parenting | |||
No | 45 (845) | NA | |
Yes all | 36.2 (680) | NA | |
Yes some | 18.8 (354) | NA | |