Fig. 3

Associations of late-life physical activity and midlife-to-late-life activity patterns with cognitive impairment among participants with different APOE ε4 genotype. Associations between late-life physical activity levels (A), midlife-to-late-life activity patterns (B), and risk of cognitive impairment among participants with different APOE ε4 genotype. Odds ratios were calculated using multivariate-adjusted models, controlling for age, sex, education attainment, major occupation, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, dietary habits, smoking and drinking status, sedentary time, functional limitations, and history of diagnosed hypertension and diabetes. Analyses of domain-specific physical activity, intensity-specific physical activity, and midlife-to-late-life activity patterns were additionally adjusted for overall physical activity levels. Circles represent the point estimates of odds ratios, and error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. Blue represents estimates in APOE ε4 non-carriers, while orange represents estimates in APOE ε4 carriers. One asterisk (*) represents P-value < 0.05. PA (physical activity), OR (odds ratio), 95%CI (confidence interval), APOE (apolipoprotein E)