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Table 2 Overall and city-specific sample characteristics (N = 6302; whole sample)

From: Associations of perceived neighbourhood and home environments with sedentary behaviour among adolescents in 14 countries: the IPEN adolescent cross sectional observational study

  

High-income countries

Low-middle-income countries

All sites

Melb

AUS

Ghent

BEL

Hradec Kralove

CZE

Olomouc

CZE

Odense

DNK

Hong Kong

CHN

Haifa

ISR

Various cities

PRT

Valencia

ESP

Baltimore

USA

Seattle

USA

Dhaka

BGD

Curitiba

BRA

Chennai IND

Kuala Lumpur

MYS

Gombe

NGA

N

6302

438

291

155

183

210

1295

232

184

465

485

443

92

493

316

752

268

Socio-demographics

 Child’s age (years)

      

Mean

(SD)

14.5 

(1.7)

14.9

(1.6)

13.4

(1.4)

14.3

(1.7)

13.7

(1.6)

13.0

(1.2)

14.3

(1.7)

15.3

(1.4)

15.9

(1.2)

16.6

(0.8)

14.2

(1.4)

14.0

(1.4)

13.9

(1.8)

14.1

(1.6)

13.8

(1.5)

14.4

(1.3)

15.3

(1.6)

 Child’s sex

      

% male

46.5

40.2

41.9

50.3

44.8

41.0

42.8

39.2

37.5

44.9

46.6

52.8

53.3

48.9

52.5

53.1

54.5

 Highest education in household

% College or higher

% missing

46.7

11.2

35.4

45.7

73.5

1.7

32.3

36.1

15.9

54.1

66.7

3.3

35.3

0.0

60.8

1.3

35.9

18.5

55.7

0.0

73.8

1.0

76.1

0.2

58.7

0.0

40.8

0.0

47.2

0.3

24.9

38.2

53.7

3.4

 Area-level SES

% High

47.1

45.9

51.9

49.7

44.3

53.8

46.5

50.4

52.7

53.5

50.9

49.2

44.6

43.2

48.1

39.9

41.0

Adolescent-reported home environment

 Electronic devices in the bedroom [0–6]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

2.5

(1.6)

4.3

2.7

(1.5)

0.5

2.5

(1.5)

0.5

3.6

(1.4)

0.0

3.4

(1.4)

0.0

4.2

(1.4)

0.1

1.9

(1.5)

1.2

3.0

(1.5)

0.0

3.4

(1.6)

0.1

2.8

(1.5)

0.0

2.8

(1.7)

0.02

2.4

(1.6)

0.02

2.0

(1.6)

0.0

2.6

(1.6)

0.0

1.2

(1.4)

1.6

2.0

(1.6)

0.3

2.0

(1.7)

0.0

 Personal electronic devices [0–3]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

1.8 

(0.9)

2.7

2.0

(0.7)

0.9

2.0

(0.7)

0.5

1.9

(0.7)

0.0

1.7

(0.7)

0.0

2.3

(0.7)

0.1

1.8

(0.8)

1.2

1.6

(0.7)

0.0

2.2

(0.8)

0.1

2.3

(0.7)

0.0

2.2

(0.8)

0.02

2.2

(0.8)

0.02

1.0

(0.9)

0.0

1.3

(0.7)

0.0

0.5

(0.8)

0.0

1.6

(0. 9)

0.3

1.1

(0.8)

0.0

 Having own social media

% Yes

% missing

76.1

2.7

84.7

6.9

67.7

10.3

91.0

0.0

89.6

0.0

76.2

3.8

86.3

5.8

86.6

0.0

90.2

2.2

82.6

0.0

71.1

0.2

67.7

0.2

29.4

1.1

92.9

0.0

27.8

0.0

75.7

2.8

59.3

0.0

Parent-reported neighbourhood environment

 Residential density [0–1000]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

213.5

(220)

14.8

48.9

(103.8)

3.0

71.6

(109.0)

0.03

155.8

(114.6)

0.8

111.8

(98.4)

1.4

106.1

(110.0)

0.0

468.4

(203.2)

0.0

216.8

(148.5)

0.02

121.6

(94.0)

0.8

251.1

(134.7)

0.0

38.7

(57.9)

1.2

23.8

(33.7)

0.6

177.3

(82.9)

0.0

96.3

(126.7)

0.0

65.6

(77.8)

0.0

292.0

(230.4)

6.7

271.5

(159.4)

0.2

 Land use mix-diversitya [1-5]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

3.2

(0.8)

12.6

3.0

(0.8)

3.0

3.4

(0.83)

0.1

3.3

(0.9)

0.8

3.1

(0.9)

1.4

3.0

(0.9)

0.0

3.4

(0.8)

0.0

3.0

(0.9)

0.0

3.5

(0.8)

0.8

4.2

(0.5)

0.0

2.7

(0.9)

0.03

2.7

(0.9)

0.0

3.4

(0.7)

0.02

3.0

(0.7)

0.0

3.4

(0.7)

0.0

2.7

(0.8)

6.3

3.4

(0.8)

0.1

 Recreation facilitiesb [1-5]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

2.7 

(0.9)

12.6

2.8

(0.9)

2.97

2.7

(0.9)

0.1

3.0

(0.9)

0.84

2.9

(0.9)

1.4

3.7

(0.7)

0.0

2.8

(0.9)

0.0

2.4

(0.8)

0.0

2.6

(0.9)

0.8

2.9

(0.8)

0.0

2.9

(0.9)

0.03

2.9

(0.8)

0.0

2.0

(0.7)

0.02

2.4

(0.8)

0.0

1.8

(0.6)

0.0

2.3

(0.9)

6.25

2.8

(0.5)

0.1

 Accessibility and walking facilities [1-4]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

3.0 

(0.5)

12.6

3.3

(0.5)

3.1

3.0

(0.6)

0.1

3.2

(0. 5)

0.9

3.1

(0.5)

1.5

3.1

(0.5)

0.0

3.0

(0.5)

0.0

3.1

(0.5)

0.02

3.0

(0.4)

0. 8

3.6

(0.4)

0.0

3.0

(0.6)

0.02

2.8

(0.7)

0.0

2.8

(0.6)

0.0

2.9

(0.6)

0.0

2.6

(0.6)

0.0

2.8

(0.4)

6.2

2.7

(0.7)

0.1

 Aesthetics [1-4]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

2.5 

(0.8)

12.7

3.0

(0.8)

3.1

2.3

(0.7)

0.1

2.3

(0.6)

0.9

2.2

(0.7)

1.5

2.7

(0.8)

0.0

2.5

(0.7)

0.0

2.6

(0.8)

0.02

2.4

(0.5)

0.8

2.3

(0.7)

0.0

3.0

(0.7)

0.02

3.1

(0.7)

0.0

1.8

(0.8)

0.0

2.4

(0.9)

0.0

1.5

(0.8)

0.0

2.5

(0.6)

6.2

2.9

(0.9)

0.1

 Traffic safety [1-4]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

2.6 

(0.6)

12.6

2.9

(0.6)

3.1

2.5

(0.6)

0.1

2.9

(0.6)

0.8

2.8

(0.6)

1.4

2.9

(0.7)

0.0

2.8

(0.5)

0.0

2.4

(0.7)

0.0

2.8

(0.5)

0.7

2.6

(0.7)

0.0

2.5

(0.6)

0.02

2.7

(0.6)

0.0

2.4

(0.6)

0.0

2.2

(0.8)

0.0

2.3

(0.9)

0.0

2.4

(0.5)

6.2

3.0

(0.9)

0.2

 Pedestrian infrastructure & safety [1-4]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

2.9 

(0.6)

12.6

2.8

(0.6)

3.1

2.7

(0.6)

0.1

3.0

(0.6)

0.8

2.9

(0.5)

1.4

2.9

(0.7)

0.0

3.0

(0.6)

0.0

2.9

(0.7)

0.0

2.9

(0.5)

0.7

3.0

(0.62)

0.0

2.8

(0.7)

0.03

2.9

(0.6)

0.0

2.5

(0.6)

0.0

2.6

(0.8)

0.0

2.9

(0.8)

0.0

2.7

(0.6)

6.2

3.0

(0.8)

0.2

 Crime safety [1-4]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

2.8 

(0.9)

12.6

3.1

(0.8)

3.1

3.1

(0.8)

0.1

2.9

(0.7)

0.9

2.8

(0.7)

1.4

3.7

(0.6)

0.0

2.7

(0.9)

0.0

3.3

(0.9)

0.03

3.0

(0.6)

0.8

3.3

(0.8)

0.02

3.0

(0.7)

0.03

3.1

(0.7)

0.0

2.0

(0.9)

0.0

2.0

(0.4)

0.0

3.0

(1.1)

0.0

2.0

(0.7)

6.2

2.7

(1.2)

0.1

 Transit stop proximity [1-5]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

4.1 

(1.1)

12.9

4.5

(0.8)

3.0

4.6

(0.8)

0.2

4.3

(1.1)

0.8

4.3

(1.0)

1.4

4.6

(0.7)

0.0

3.9

(1.1)

0.0

4.5

(0.9)

0.03

4.6

(0.8)

0.8

4.8

(0.6)

0.0

3.6

(1.4)

0.03

4.0

(1.2)

0.0

2.1

(1.3)

0.1

4.7

(0.6)

0.0

3.8

(1.1)

0.02

3.2

(1.4)

6.3

4.0

(1.0)

0.2

 Park proximity [1-5]

Mean

(SD)

% missing

3.0 

(1.2)

13.2

3.8

(1.0)

3.0

3.1

(1.3)

0.1

3.0

(1.1)

0.8

2.3

(1.2)

1.5

3.3

(1.3)

0.0

3.4

(1.1)

0.0

3.2

(1.2)

0.0

2.9

(1.0)

0.8

4.0

(0.8)

0.0

2.9

(1.2)

0.03

3.1

(1.2)

0.0

1.8

(0.9)

0.1

2.7

(1.0)

0.0

2.2

(1.1)

0.0

2.5

(1.1)

6.8

1.0

(0.0)

0.0

Sedentary behaviour

 Screen time (min/day)

Mean

(SD)

% missing

228 

(159)

1. 6

253

(155)

0.5

207

(144)

0.5

229

(148)

0.0

241

(156)

0.0

224

(142)

0.2

189

(141)

0.0

241

(145)

0.02

181

(143)

0.1

203

(124)

0.0

234

(166)

0.02

186 

(135)

0.02

169

(132)

0.0

333

(167)

0.0

145

(102)

0.0

326

(171)

0.3

170

(161)

0.0

 Transport-related sitting time (min/day)

Mean

(SD)

% missing

37.9 

(46.0)

2.1

55.2

(58.2)

0.5

32.2

(44.7)

0.6

26.2

(30.8)

0.0

27.1

(37.5)

0.0

15.8

(29.4)

0.2

41.6

(49.9)

0.0

53.6 

(49.3)

0.02

35.1

(33.8)

0.1

14.5

(23.3)

0.0

51.7

(47.9)

0.02

45.3

(40.0)

0.02

16.5

(30.8)

0.0

30.9

(35.3)

0.0

24.4

(45.9)

0.0

48.6

(54.5)

0.7

29.3

(48.7)

0.1

  1. Melb Melbourne, SES Socio-economic-status, SD Standard deviation, min minutes, AUS Australia, BEL Belgium, CZE Czech Republic, DNK Denmark, HKG Hong Kong, CHN China, ISR Israel, PRT Portugal, ESP Spain, USA Unites States of America, BGD Bangladesh, BRA Brazil, IND India, MYS Malaysia, NGA Nigeria
  2. aExcluding transit stops
  3. bExcluding parks
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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