Table 1 Study eligibility criteria
| Â | Inclusion | Exclusion |
|---|---|---|
Population | • Community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years from low socioeconomic status (SES)a groups/socioeconomically disadvantaged or deprived. • Studies with mixed SES samples were included provided that > 50% were low SES or results were stratified by SES and it was possible to extract low SES results separately. | • Average (mean or median) age of sample < 65years • Those not defined as being of low SES or socioeconomically disadvantaged or deprived. • Non-community dwelling (e.g. individuals living in nursing/care/residential homes or hospices, hospital inpatients, prison inmates) |
Intervention | • Any intervention aimed at promoting, encouraging, increasing, or maintaining physical activity. • No limits on type of physical activity or how the intervention was delivered (i.e. self-directed or instructor led). • Interventions targeting multiple health behaviours (e.g. weight management) including physical activity where physical activity data could be separated. | • Interventions targeting multiple behaviours where effects of the physical activity component could not be separated. |
Comparator | • Any comparator group who did not receive the physical activity intervention (e.g. usual care, wait-list control, health education) | • Studies which did not include a comparator group (as described in the column to the left). |
Outcome | Primary: • Change in physical activity either self-reported (e.g. questionnaires, activity logs or diaries) or objectively measured (e.g. accelerometers, pedometers, smartwatches) • Measures of acceptability including participant experiences, barriers, and facilitators Secondary: • Measures of physical function/fitness (e.g. gait speed, BMI, VO2 max, handgrip strength) • Psychological/wellbeing measures (e.g. fear of falling, anxiety, depression, quality of life) | • Studies which did not report at least one of the primary or secondary outcomes specified in the review protocol (listed in the column to the left). |
Study type | • Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods primary interventional studies:  - randomised controlled trials & quasi-experimental (assessing intervention effectiveness)  - focus groups, interviews, surveys, questionnaires (assessing intervention experiences/acceptability) | • Systematic and non-systematic reviews • Individual case studies (n = 1) • Study protocols • Conference abstracts • Commentaries/editorials/ letters • Theses with no peer-reviewed publications |