Skip to main content

Table 1b Characteristics of the study sample, overall and by DASH diet score (n = 9,095)

From: Dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness in midlife and subsequent all-cause dementia: findings from the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

Characteristic

Full study cohort

Quintiles of DASH diet scorea (absolute score)

Q1 (8–19)

Q2 (20–22)

Q3 (23–25)

Q4 (26–28)

Q5 (29–40)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

N

9095 (100)

1542 (17.0)

1939 (21.3)

2244 (24.7)

1781 (19.6)

1589 (17.5)

Baseline age, mean (SD)

50.6 (8.4)

48.4 (7.5)

49.5 (7.7)

50.5 (8.4)

51.6 (8.6)

52.8 (9.1)

Male

7048 (77.5)

1352 (87.7)

1600 (82.5)

1718 (76.6)

1285 (72.2)

1093 (68.8)

Race or ethnicity

      

 White

8769 (96.4)

1466 (95.1)

1875 (96.7)

2162 (96.3)

1721 (96.6)

1545 (97.2)

 Black

53 (0.6)

16 (1.0)

15 (0.8)

14 (0.6)

4 (0.2)

4 (0.3)

 Hispanic

62 (0.7)

13 (0.8)

17 (0.9)

9 (0.4)

13 (0.7)

10 (0.6)

 Other race or ethnicity

77 (0.8)

14 (0.9)

13 (0.7)

16 (0.7)

20 (1.1)

14 (0.9)

 Missing

134 (1.5)

33 (2.1)

19 (1.0)

43 (1.9)

23 (1.3)

16 (1.0)

Bachelor’s degree or higher

      

 No

936 (10.3)

178 (11.5)

195 (10.1)

216 (9.6)

186 (10.4)

161 (10.1)

 Yes

3094 (34.0)

493 (32.0)

689 (35.5)

770 (34.3)

616 (34.6)

526 (33.1)

Missingb

5065 (55.7)

871 (56.5)

1055 (54.4)

1258 (56.1)

979 (55.0)

902 (56.8)

Current smoker

      

 No

8200 (90.2)

1268 (82.2)

1690 (87.2)

2031 (90.5)

1685 (94.6)

1526 (96)

 Yes

895 (9.8)

274 (17.8)

249 (12.8)

213 (9.5)

96 (5.4)

63 (4.0)

 

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Maximal cardiorespiratory fitness (METs)c

11.4 (2.6)

10.9 (2.3)

11.2 (2.3)

11.4 (2.6)

11.6 (2.6)

12.0 (2.9)

Alcohol consumption (drinks per week)

5.4 (7.0)

6.0 (7.9)

5.9 (7.5)

5.3 (6.9)

5.1 (6.6)

4.5 (6.0)

BMI (kg/m2)

25.8 (3.9)

27.2 (4.1)

26.5 (3.9)

25.9 (3.9)

25.2 (3.5)

24.3 (3.5)

Dietary energy (kcal)

2134.2 (620.9)

2201.7 (637.5)

2145.9 (626.2)

2095.1 (622.3)

2085.2 (604.6)

2164.7 (606.2)

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

99.8 (17.1)

101.2 (16.9)

101.2 (17.8)

99.8 (17.6)

99.1 (15.9)

97.9 (16.7)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

211.0 (39.1)

218.7 (40.9)

213.3 (38.1)

210.0 (39.1)

207.7 (38.5)

205.7 (37.7)

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

121.0 (14.5)

121.8 (13.7)

121.0 (14.0)

120.8 (14.7)

120.0 (14.3)

121.6 (15.5)

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

80.9 (9.8)

82.3 (9.8)

81.3 (9.9)

80.7 (9.7)

80.1 (9.6)

80.0 (9.6)

  1. Abbreviations BMI: body mass index; DASH: Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; kcal: kilocalories; METs: metabolic equivalent of task; Q: quintile; SD: standard deviation
  2. aSee the Methods for calculation of the DASH diet score. Higher scores indicate greater adherence to the diet
  3. bThe maximum likelihood method [45] was used to include observations with missing data on education in regression analysis
  4. cCardiorespiratory fitness was expressed as maximal metabolic equivalents of task (METs) and assessed during the baseline clinic visit via a maximal treadmill test using a modified Balke protocol
Back to article page

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

Contact us