Fig. 1

The composition of lunchtime intakes of schoolchildren (n = 1,618) in England and Scotland before and after the UIFSM policy by the level of industrial food processing

Note: Intervention = 4–7-year-olds; Control = 8–11-year-olds; Pre- UIFSM = Before introduction of the Universal Infant Free School Meal policy (2008–2014/15); Post- UIFSM = After introduction of the Universal Infant Free School Meal policy (2014/15-2019); Nova group 4 = Ultra-processed foods; Nova groups 1–3 = Minimally professed foods, Culinary ingredients, and Processed foods; MP = Minimally processed; UP = Ultra-processed; % grams = Percent of total lunchtime grams; % kcal = Percent of total lunchtime calories