Table 4 Muscle-strengthening exercise measurement and guidelines

Ansa et al., 2015 [34]

Muscle strengthening (undefined) in past month (yes/no)

-

-

Forbes et al., 2015 [38]

Muscle-strengthening activity days/week (e.g. weightlifting, sit-ups, or push-ups); duration (min/session), Type of activity [42]

≥ 2 days/week for ≥ 30 min/session (ACSM, USDHSS) [14, 39, 40]

23.0%

Fortner et al. 2023 [35]

Strength training (weight training and/or resistance exercise with arm and/or leg weights) duration/week

-

-

Tarasenko et al., 2018 [36]

Muscle-strengthening activity (e.g. physical activities specifically designed to STRENGTHEN muscles such as lifting weights or doing calisthenics) days/week

≥ 2 days/week (ACSM, ACS) [39, 40]

13.2%

Troeschel et al., 2023 [37]

Strength training (e.g. weight lifting, free weights, circuit training) exercise times/week

> 2 times/week (ACS/ ASCO) [41]

22.9%