Table 2 Study characteristics

Ansa et al., 2015 [34]

U.S. - Florida (Morehouse School of Medicine)

Cross-sectional

(n = 191)

Age: >18 years; M = 56.3 ± 11.4 years

Gender: 100% female

Race: 100% African American

SES: 78.7% ≥ college education; 32.1% annual income ≥$50,000

Disease stage: 41% I; 27.0% II, 21.6% III or IV, 10.3% don’t know

Time since diagnosis: Not reported

Treatment stage: ≥1-year post-treatment

*English speaking

Forbes et al., 2015 [38]

Canada (Nova Scotia Cancer Registry)

Cross-sectional

(n = 248)

Age: 18–80 years

Gender: 100% female

Race: 97% White; 3% Other

SES: 45% ≤ high school; 55% postsecondary; 66% <60,000; 34% ≥60,000; 66% employed; 34% not employed

Disease stage: 59% I; 32% II; 9% III/IV

Time since diagnosis: mean: 4.3 years; 65% < 5 years; 35% ≥ 5 years

Treatment: 98% surgery; 65% radiation; 47% chemotherapy; 51% hormonal therapy; 24% currently receiving treatment

*Residents of Nova Scotia

Fortner et al., 2023 [35]

U.S. - National (Nurses’ Health Studies)

Prospective cohort

(n = 9308)

Age: NHSI: M = 71.3 (SD = 7.2); NHSII: M = 53.3 (SD = 5.3)

Gender: NHSI + NHSII: 100% female

Race: NHSI: 1% Asian, 1% Black, 95% White, 3% Unknown/multi-racial; NHSII: 2% Asian, 1% Black, 94% White, 3% Unknown/multi-racial

SES: ~20% in each neighborhood SES quintile

Disease stage: NHSI: 66% I, 28% II, 6% III; NHSII: 60% I, 33% II, 8% III;

Time since diagnosis: Mean 26.5 months

Treatment: NHSI: 48% hormone therapy only, 7% chemotherapy only, hormone and chemotherapy 18%; NHSII: 31% hormone therapy only, 17% chemotherapy only, hormone and chemotherapy 40%

*≥1 year post-diagnosis

Tarasenko et al., 2018 [36]

U.S. - National (NHIS Linked Mortality Files)

Retrospective cohort (n = 2885)

Age: ≥18 years

Gender: 100% female

Race: Predominantly white

SES: Not reported

Disease stage: Not collected

Time since diagnosis: ≥3 years

Treatment: Not collected

*excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, unknown age at diagnosis, those who died of accidents, those who were diagnosed and died in the same year

Troeschel et al., 2023 [37]

U.S. - California (Pathways)

Prospective cohort (n = 1964 (mortality); n = 1,924 recurrence)

Age at diagnosis: 61.2 ± 11.5 years

Gender: 100% female

Race: 71.4% White

SES: 54.2% ≥ college education; 52.6% ≥$70k

Disease stage: 57.9% Stage I, 32.7% Stage II, 8.8% Stage III, 0.6% Stage IV

Time since diagnosis: shortly after

Treatment: 96.8% any surgery; 47.5% any chemotherapy or other anti-cancer drugs; 43.7% any radiation therapy; 73.9% any hormonal therapy; 99.8% any treatment (any of the above)