Table 4 Recommendations and suggestions for future research in prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy
From: An exploration of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy: a scoping review
Recommendation | Future Research Suggestions | |
|---|---|---|
Measurement | Content • Consider the breadth of self-efficacy theory incorporated into tool design. Wider coverage may provide a more accurate measurement and assist with identifying specific areas requiring prenatal support. • Consider measurement tool content and timing of administration. Postnatal scenario items may be inappropriate for prenatal measurement. • When studies span the prenatal-postpartum continuum, consider phrasing that allows application in both periods. • Intervention studies should consider measurement tools that reflect the intervention content as much as practicable. This may provide more accurate pre- and post-intervention measurement. Timing • Consider measuring prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy early in pregnancy to identify those at-risk of poor breastfeeding outcomes earlier. This will maximise the window of opportunity to provide tailored support in pregnancy. | • Additional studies are needed on theory-driven breastfeeding self-efficacy measurements in early pregnancy. • More extensive use and efficacy testing of tools designed for prenatal use, in research and practice settings. • Investigate the accuracy of existing prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy tools compared with the more commonly used tools, for identification of areas for tailored support and prediction of initiation and duration. • Assess the impact of early prenatal measurement versus the commonly used late third trimester on breastfeeding initiation and duration. |
Intervention | Content • Consider theoretically underpinning intervention design. • Consider including intervention components involving partners and family members, and methods of vicarious / kinaesthetic learning. • Consider the congruence between the breadth of theory and intervention components used, planning strong connections here in the design phase may lead to improved outcomes. Timing • Consider early prenatal intervention to maximise the window of opportunity to provide tailored support and breastfeeding promotion over a longer timeframe. • Consider extending a prenatal intervention into the postnatal period for maximum impact. | • Additional studies are needed on theory-driven interventions to improve breastfeeding self-efficacy in early pregnancy. • Assessment of early versus late prenatal intervention on breastfeeding initiation and duration. • Investigate the most effective design and delivery of social circle support in prenatal intervention. • Investigate intervention components needed prenatally to maximise the impact on breastfeeding outcomes. • Systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal intervention studies on their incorporation of theory, the type of intervention components employed, and corresponding outcomes. |