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Table 2 Theory use across all studies (n = 96)

From: An exploration of prenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy: a scoping review

Theory Used & Application (measurement / intervention)

Studies (n)

Bandura: Self Efficacy Theory / Dennis Breastfeeding Self Efficacy Theory

72

Both measurement and intervention

27

Intervention

3

Measurement

37

Mix: Bandura & another theory:

 

 Bandura & Donabedian (both measurement and intervention)

1

 Bandura & Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) (intervention)

1

 Bandura & Anderson’s Mutual Caregiving Model (both measurement and intervention)

1

Bandura & Ajzen:

 

 Measurement

1

 Ajzen for intervention & Bandura for measurement

1

Ajzen

9

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), one using extended model (measurement)

6

Sustained Breastfeeding Framework based on Predicting and Changing Behavior Theory (PCBT) (intervention)

1

Mix: Ajzen & Bandura:

 

 Measurement

1

 Ajzen for intervention & Bandura for measurement

1

Health Promotion Model (HPM)

3

Both measurement and intervention

1

Intervention

2

Health Belief Model (HBM)

2

Intervention

1

HBM with Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM) (measurement)

1

Attitude - Social Influence - Self Efficacy Model (ASE): Ajzen & Bandura influences

2

Both measurement and intervention

1

Measurement

1

Other Theories

10

Breastfeeding Co-Parenting Framework (intervention)

1

IMB: Information-Motivation-Behavior Skill Model (intervention)

1

Mercer’s Theory of Maternal Role Attainment (intervention)

1

Motivation Expectancy Value Theory (both measurement and intervention)

1

Motivation Interviewing Theory (intervention)

1

Self Determination Theory (measurement)

1

Attention, Relevance, Confidence, Satisfaction (ARCS) model of motivational design (intervention)

1

Theory of Community Empowerment (intervention)

1

Watson’s Theory of Human Care (intervention)

1

Behaviour Change Wheel & the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation (COM-B) model of behaviour change (intervention)

1