Table 1 Attributes of self-reported measurement tools

Questionnaires

Daily Activity Behaviours Questionnaire (DABQ)

Kastelic et al., [94], [93]

Sleep, occupational activity (SB, LPA, MVPA), commuting activity (SB, LPA, MVPA), and other non-occupational activity (SB, LPA, MVPA), including walking, sport participation, screen time

Sleep onset and offset (hh: mm), start/end of occupational time (hh: mm), weekday/weekend; domain-specific SB and PA

Yes

(the remaining time to 24 h is assigned as LPA; if reported domain-specific movement behaviours exceed time spent in corresponding domain then behaviours within that domain are proportionally downscaled)

Past week

32

Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study- physical activity questionnaire (JPHC-PAQ)

Kikucki et al., [95]

Sleep, occupational and household activity, including transportation (sitting, standing, walking, strenuous work), leisure-time activities (walking slowly, walking quickly, light to moderate and strenuous exercise)

Domain-specific SB and PA

Yes

(the remaining time to 24 h is assigned as 1.3 METs, i.e., SB)

Past year

4

Physical activity questionnaire (PAQ)

Bharathi et al., [99]

Sleep, occupational activity (sitting, standing, walking, more strenuous activities), discretionary activity (sports and games, hobbies, household chores, discretionary sedentary activity)

Domain-specific SB and PA

Yes

(the remaining time to 24 h is assigned as 1.2 METs, i.e., SB)

Past month

5

Physical Activity Questionnaire from the Southern Community Cohort Study (PAQ SCCS)

Buchowski et al., [90]

Sleep, SB (car or bus, sitting at work, viewing TV, or seeing movies, using a computer at home, other sitting activities), physically active behaviours (light, moderate, vigorous occupational/household work, sport/exercise, slow walking, fast walking)

Domain-specific SB and PA

Not reported

Unanchored day

Not available

Physical Activity Scale 2 (PAS 2)

Pedersen et al., [101]

Sleep, occupational activity (sitting, standing/walking, heavy physical work), active commuting, leisure activity (SB, LPA, MPA, VPA)

Domain-specific SB and PA

Yes

(the remaining time to 24 h is assigned as LPA; if total time exceed 24 h then the surplus hours are subtracted from LPA)

Unanchored week

9

Physical Activity Scale 2.1 (PAS 2.1) - modified (transportation sitting item was added)

Valles-Medina et al., [104]

Sleep, work/school hours activity (sitting, standing/walking, climbing stairs/carrying heavy objects), transportation sitting, leisure activity (sitting while using screens/reading, LPA, MPA, VPA)

Domain-specific SB and PA

Not reported

Past week

9

Sedentary Time and Activity Reporting Questionnaire (STAR-Q)

Csizmadi et al., [91]

Sleep, physical activities, and sedentary behaviours across all domains: eating, personal/medical care, occupation, transportation, household, yard work, caregiving, exercise, light leisure (e.g., television-watching, personal computer time, reading, hobbies, etc.), stair-climbing, “other” activities

Domain-specific SB and PA; social context for some activities (e.g., caring for children, elderly or dependent adult), physical context for some activities (e.g., yard work)

Yes

(the remaining time to 24 h is assigned as 1.2 METs, i.e., SB)

Past month

88

Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ)

Rosenbaum et al., [102]; Vancampfort et al., [105]

Time in bed, napping, SB, walking, exercise, non-structured PA

Time in bed onset and offset (hh: mm)

Yes

(only when using alternative method to calculate SB: SB = 24 h - PA - time in bed)

Past week

8

Simple Physical Activity Questionnaire (SIMPAQ) - modified (standing item was added)

Schilling et al., [103]

Time in bed, napping, SB, standing, walking, exercise, non-structured PA

Time in bed onset and offset (hh: mm)

Yes

(only when using alternative method to calculate SB: SB = 24 h - PA - time in bed)

Past week

9

24-hour movement behaviors questionnaire (24HMBQ)

Zheng et al., [98]

Sleep, SB (study, screen time, other SB), LPA (exercise, transport, dormitory life), MPA (exercise, transport, dormitory life), VPA (exercise, transport, dormitory life)

Time in bed onset (hh: mm), sleep offset (hh: mm), weekday/weekend; domain-specific SB and PA

Not reported

Past week

33

Time-use recalls

7-Day Physical Activity Recall (7D PAR) - modified (sitting item was added)

Welk et al., [97]

Sleep, sitting, LPA, MPA, VPA, VVPA

Time of day for PA (i.e., morning, afternoon, evening)

Yes

(the remaining time to 24 h is assigned as LPA)

Past week

Report activities in a segmented 7-day format (morning, afternoon, evening), for each physical activity longer than 10 min, responder is asked to rate the intensity as moderate, hard, or very hard; a responder is also asked about time spent sleeping and sitting for each day separately

Computer-Based 24-Hour Physical Activity Recall (cpar24)

Kohler et al., [96]

Daily activities within the “super domains”: sleeping and reclining, personal care, food preparation and eating, walking, transportation, and traveling, household chores, occupational activity, shopping, errands, and appointments, leisure and hobbies, sports, family life and social activities, outdoor activities, lawn and garden, miscellaneous activities

Reporting specific activities chronologically across the day (start and end times); social context for some activities (e.g., family life and social activities), physical context for some activities (e.g., outdoor activities)

Yes

(to ensure complete data entry, respondent is informed about missing or incomplete activity entries (i.e., time gaps) with the option of adding new activity items to arrive at the desired total amount of 24 h of logged activities per day)

Past day

Report activities in the order that they were performed in time slices of 5 min or more, by choosing from a custom compendium of 262 activities; for some activities, additional entries about the intensity and posture are required to be reported

Multimedia Activity Recall for Children and Adults (MARCA)

Hunt et al., [100]

Daily activities within the “super domains”: physical activity, screen time, chores, work/study, sociocultural, self-care, transport, sleep, quiet time

Reporting activities chronologically across the day (start and end times); social context for some activities (e.g., social activities), physical context for some activities (e.g., gardening)

Yes

(features of the programme allow for valid data entry, e.g., not allowing large gaps of missing time, or overlapping activities to be reported)

Past 2 days

Report activities in the order that they were performed in time slices of 5 min or more, by choosing from a custom compendium of over 520 activities, additional entries about the intensity for some activities

Time-use diary

Time-use diary from the Harmonised European Time Use Study (TUD HETUS)

Harms et al., [92]

The diary is completed in respondent’s own words

Reporting activities chronologically across the day (start and end times); reporting social (e.g., alone, partner) and physical context (e.g., at home, in store) for all reported activities; reporting enjoyment while engaging in activities

Yes

(the diary has pre-defined recording fields that cover 24-h period)

Current day

The diary covers 24 h in 10 min intervals, and has six types of recording fields: primary and (up to three simultaneous) secondary activities (free text), co-presence, location/travel mode, technology use, and enjoyment (pre-coded)