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Table 4 Adjusted multilevel logistic regression models with interaction terms

From: Children’s Health in London and Luton (CHILL) cohort: a 12-month natural experimental study of the effects of the Ultra Low Emission Zone on children’s travel to school

Predictor variable

Switching from Inactive to Active modes

Switching from Active to Inactive modes

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

Model 4

Model 5

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

OR

(95% CI)

Constant

0.03

0.14

0.03

0.04

0.02

0.02

0.06

0.02

0.01

0.05

(0.00–1.64)

(0.00–5.20)

(0.00–1.80)

(0.00–1.06)

(0.00–1.39)

(0.00–0.43)

(0.00–3.54)

(0.00–0.41)

(0.00–0.29)

(0.00–1.54)

Site (London) Ref: Luton

3.86

15.26

2.77

6.06

7.62

0.10

0.00

0.14

0.18

0.01

(1.03–14.48)

(0.04–53.19)

(0.81–9.51)

(2.47–14.89)

(0.49–119.18)

(0.04–0.25)

(0.00–0.75)

(0.06–0.34)

(0.07–0.45)

(0.00–0.24)

Sex (Female) Ref: Male

0.93

0.95

0.90

0.88

0.90

0.87

0.92

0.93

0.89

0.94

(0.46–1.89)

(0.63–1.89)

(0.49–1.67)

(0.52–1.47)

(0.49–1.67)

(0.51–1.46)

(0.60–1.42)

(0.60–1.43)

(0.50–1.59)

(0.61–1.44)

Age

1.77

1.25

1.79

1.51

1.77

1.06

0.88

1.04

1.16

1.09

(1.06–2.97)

(0.83–1.90)

(1.07–3.00)

(1.01–2.26)

(1.06–2.97)

(0.76–1.46)

(0.57–1.36)

(0.75–1.44)

(0.77–1.74)

(0.79–1.51)

Ethnicity (White) Ref: BAME

2.59

2.57

2.13

2.41

2.64

0.54

0.55

0.70

0.55

0.56

(1.28–5.24)

(1.37–4.82)

(0.95–4.79)

(1.33–4.36)

(1.30–5.36)

(0.33–0.90)

(0.33–0.92)

(0.38–1.29)

(0.33–0.92)

(0.34–0.92)

Distance to school (Near ≤ 0.78 km)

3.67

3.61

3.68

4.60

3.70

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.29

0.20

Ref: Far (> 0.78 km)

(1.81–7.44)

(1.87–6.94)

(1.81–7.46)

(2.26–9.37)

(1.82–7.54)

(0.12–0.31)

(0.12–0.32)

(0.12–0.32)

(0.14–0.59)

(0.13–0.33)

Vehicle ownership (Yes) Ref: No

0.03

0.07

0.02

0.07

0.04

60.98

60.06

59.55

62.11

12.68

(0.01–0.10)

(0.02–0.20)

(0.01–0.10)

(0.03–0.20)

(0.01–0.21)

(7.97–466.84)

(7.89–457.41)

(7.81–454.26)

(8.09–477.08)

(1.42–113.54)

London * Sex (Female)

0.89

    

1.24

    

(0.21–3.71)

    

(0.49–3.14)

    

London * Age

 

0.87

    

1.52

   
 

(0.44–1.73)

    

(0.79–2.92)

   

London * Ethnicity (White)

  

2.18

    

0.44

  
  

(0.43–11.17)

    

(0.14–1.36)

  

London * Distance to school (Near)

   

0.24

    

0.47

 
   

(0.06–0.88)

    

(0.11–2.14)

 

London * Vehicle ownership (Yes)

    

0.45

    

1.24

    

(0.03–6.90)

    

(0.00–5.36)

R2

0.347

0.307

0.345

0.327

0.356

0.631

0.633

0.641

0.657

0.647

ICC

0.36

0.36

0.36

0.35

0.37

0.21

0.20

0.20

0.22

0.21

  1. Model 1: Multilevel model with an interaction term for sex adjusted by age, ethnicity, distance to school, vehicle ownership, parents’ employment and occupation status, neighbourhood deprivation and crime quintile; Model 2: Multilevel model with an interaction term for age adjusted by gender, ethnicity, distance to school, vehicle ownership, parents’ employment and occupation status, neighbourhood deprivation and crime quintile; Model 3: Multilevel model with an interaction term for ethnicity adjusted by gender, age, distance to school, vehicle ownership, parents’ employment and occupation status, neighbourhood deprivation and crime quintile; Model 4: Multilevel model with an interaction term for distance to school adjusted by gender, age, ethnicity, vehicle ownership, parents’ employment and occupation status, neighbourhood deprivation and crime quintile; Model 5: Multilevel model with an interaction term for vehicle ownership adjusted by gender, age, ethnicity, distance to school, parents’ employment and occupation status, neighbourhood deprivation and crime quintile
  2. OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval, ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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