Table 3 Unadjusted, adjusted, and adjusted multilevel binomial logistic regression models for odds of switching from inactive to active modes and switching from active to inactive modes ‘today’

Constant

0.26

0.10

0.03

0.26

0.02

0.02

(0.20–0.33)

(0.01–2.09)

(0.00–1.65)

(0.21–0.32)

(0.00–0.37)

(0.00–0.41)

London

2.83

3.02

3.64

0.22

0.14

0.11

(1.77–4.50)

(1.60–5.70)

(1.21–10.92)

(0.15–0.31)

(0.08–0.23)

(0.05–0.24)

Sex (Female)

0.96

0.91

0.96

0.93

Ref: Male

(0.65–1.43)

(0.49–1.67)

(0.65–1.43)

(0.60—1.43)

Age

1.01

1.77

1.01

1.06

(0.77–1.32)

(1.06–2.96)

(0.77—1.32)

(0.77–1.47)

Ethnicity (White)

2.17

2.59

0.61

0.54

Ref: BAME

(1.33–3.60)

(1.28–5.23)

(0.40–0.94)

(0.33–0.90)

Distance to school (Near ≤ 0.78 km)

2.68

3.67

0.24

0.20

Ref: Far (> 0.78 km)

(1.55–4.65)

(1.81–7.43)

(0.16–0.36)

(0.12–0.31)

Vehicle ownership (Yes)

0.05

0.03

48.46

60.20

Ref: No

(0.01–0.14)

(0.01–0.10)

(10.35–865.40)

(7.88–459.84)

Employment (Part-time)

1.79

2.14

1.60

1.74

Ref: Full-time

(0.99–3.26)

(1.04–4.39)

(1.04–2.49)

(1.07–2.80)

Employment (Unemployed)

2.25

1.07

1.04

0.94

Ref: Full-time

(0.50–9.04)

(0.23–4.92)

(0.50–2.04)

(0.44–2.01)

Employment (Other)

0.59

0.78

0.71

0.75

Ref: Full-time

(0.16–1.88)

(0.20–3.08)

(0.32–1.49)

(0.33—1.72)

Occupation (Skilled)

0.41

0.29

1.05

0.99

Ref: Managerial/professional

(0.15–1.03)

(0.09–0.90)

(0.61–1.76)

(0.56–1.76)

Occupation (Unskilled)

0.66

0.50

0.85

0.85

Ref: Managerial/professional

(0.24–1.70)

(0.16–1.58)

(0.40–1.69)

(0.40–1.84)

Occupation (Other)

0.90

1.00

0.88

0.87

Ref: Managerial/professional

(0.46–1.74)

(0.46–2.17)

(0.51–1.50)

(0.48–1.55)

IDACI quintile (linear)

1.07

1.53

1.50

1.89

(0.35–2.99)

(0.45–5.24)

(0.78–2.87)

(0.82–4.35)

Crime quintile (linear)

0.91

0.54

1.86

2.07

(0.26–2.91)

(0.11–2.57)

(1.00–3.37)

(2.06–2.08)

Observations

469

261

261

1455

668

668

R²

0.043

0.263

0.354

0.054

0.209

0.625

ICC

0.36

0.21