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Table 3 Percentage changes in sedentary behaviours of participants taking part in both waves (main, longitudinal analyses)

From: The impact of the world’s first regulatory, multi-setting intervention on sedentary behaviour among children and adolescents (ENERGISE): a natural experiment evaluation

 

Comparison between Wave 1 and Wave 2

Interaction effect (interaction with Wave)

 

n

Estimate

95% CI

p-valuea

Estimate

95% CI

p-valuea

Primary outcomes

       

Total sedentary behaviour timeb

       

Model 1c

5,959

-10.9

(-12.6, -9.1)

< 0.0001

   

Model 2d

5,959

-13.8

(-15.9, -11.7)

< 0.0001

   

Sex interactione

5,959

-14.2

(-17.0, -11.4)

< 0.0001

0.7

(-2.8, 4.3)

0.68

Education level interactionf

5,959

-15.0

(-17.9, -12.2)

< 0.0001

2.2

(-1.3, 5.7)

0.226

Residency interactiong

5,959

-10.0

(-13.1, -6.8)

< 0.0001

-6.1

(-9.8, -2.4)

0.0013

Weight status interactionh

5,959

-13.7

(-15.9, -11.4)

< 0.0001

-0.7

(-4.2, 2.8)

0.69

Electronic device use timei

       

Model 1c

7,245

4.9

(1.1, 8.7)

0.011

   

Model 2d

7,245

-3.7

(-8.5, 1.0)

0.13

   

Sex interactione

7,245

-4.1

(-10.3, 2.2)

0.20

0.7

(-7.3, 8.6)

0.87

Education stage interactionf

7,245

2.9

(-3.5, 9.4)

0.37

-11.9

(-20.1, -3.8)

0.0040

Residency interactiong

7,245

1.9

(-5.0, 8.8)

0.59

-9.1

(-17.5, -0.7)

0.033

Weight status interactionh

7,245

-4.1

(-9.1, 0.9)

0.11

1.8

(-6.1, 9.6)

0.66

Secondary outcomes

       

Total screen-viewing timej

       

Model 1c

7,244

-2.5

(-5.1, 0.0)

0.047

   

Model 2d

7,244

-6.4

(-9.6, -3.3)

0.0001

   

Sex interactione

7,244

-8.1

(-12.2, -4.0)

0.0001

3.2

(-1.9, 8.3)

0.22

Education stage interactionf

7,244

2.0

(-2.1, 6.2)

0.34

-15.3

(-20.5, -10.0)

< 0.0001

Residency interactiong

7,244

-3.1

(-7.6, 1.4)

0.18

-5.4

(-10.8, -0.1)

0.047

Weight status interactionh

7,244

-7.3

(-10.6, -4)

< 0.0001

4.3

(-0.8, 9.4)

0.097

Internet use timek

       

Model 1c

4,056

0.8

(-4.3, 6.0)

0.75

   

Model 2d

4,056

-2.5

(-8.8, 3.8)

0.44

   

Sex interactione

4,056

1.2

(-6.9, 9.3)

0.77

-7.7

(-18.5, 3.1)

0.16

Education level interactionf

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Residency interactiong

4,056

7.6

(-2.7, 17.9)

0.15

-14.4

(-26.3, -2.5)

0.018

Weight status interactionh

4,056

-2.8

(-9.4, 3.7)

0.40

2.0

(-9.1, 13.1)

0.73

  1. Abbreviations CI, confidence interval; NA, non-applicable. The results in this table represent population average treatment effects
  2. aSignificance assessed at p < 0.005 using the Bonferroni correction
  3. bCalculated in minutes as the sum of self-reported electronic device use time per day, TV/video game use time per day, computer use time per day, homework time, and out-of-campus learning time
  4. cUnadjusted model
  5. dModel 1 + age, sex, socioeconomic status, and area of residence
  6. eModel 2 + Wave-sex (boys vs. girls) interaction. Reference group are girls/Wave 1
  7. fModel 2 + Wave-education stage (primary school vs. secondary school) interaction. Reference group are primary school students/Wave 1
  8. gModel 2 + Wave-residency (urban vs. rural) interaction. Reference group are students living in rural areas/Wave 1
  9. hModel 2 + Wave-weight status (normal weight vs. overweight/obesity) interaction. Reference group are participants with normal weight/Wave 1
  10. iCalculated in minutes from self-reported average time (hours and minutes) per day spent using mobile phones, handheld game consoles, and tablets
  11. jTotal screen-viewing time calculated as the sum of self-reported electronic device use time per day, TV/video game use time per day, and computer use time per day
  12. kSelf-reported average time (hours and minutes) per day spent ‘online’; only measured in secondary school students
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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