Table 5 Synthesis of built environment associations with MVPA
11D-category | Sub-category | Perceived | Objective | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | ||
Demand management | Parking restrictions | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Density | 5 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 5 | |||
Design | Connectivity | 2 | 8 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | |||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | 14 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 3 | 22 | 1 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 28 | 2 | |
Unfavorable walking/cycling infrastructure | 5 | 0 | 5 | 0 | ||||||
Design total | 4 | 35 | 2 | |||||||
Desirability | General safety | 1 | 11 | 2 | ||||||
Crime safety | 3 | 4 | 1 | |||||||
Traffic safety | 2 | 11 | ||||||||
Aesthetics | 5 | 8 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 11 | 34 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 11 | 36 | 1 | |
Compromised general safety | 5 | 1 | ||||||||
Criminality and crime concerns | 8 | 4 | ||||||||
Traffic hazards and concerns | 7 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Unfavorable aesthetics | 1 | |||||||||
Total | 0 | 21 | 7 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 22 | 7 | |
Desirability total | 18 | 58 | 1 | |||||||
Destination accessibility | Destination mix | 2 | ||||||||
Parks, natural features, and public open space | 3 | 10 | 4 | 1 | ||||||
Public transport | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Recreational facilities | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | ||||||
Shops and services for daily living | 1 | 8 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | |||||||||
Friendly topography | 2 | |||||||||
Total favorable features | 9 | 23 | 3 | 8 | 4 | 12 | 31 | 4 | ||
Inaccessible recreational facilities | 1 | |||||||||
Inaccessible shops and services for daily living | 1 | |||||||||
Inaccessible parks, natural features, and public open space | 1 | |||||||||
Unfriendly topography | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 1 | |
Destination accessibility total | 13 | 38 | 4 | |||||||
Destination proximity | Proximate destination mix | 1 | 2 | |||||||
Proximate parks, natural features, and public open space | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||||||
Proximate recreational facilities | 5 | |||||||||
Proximate shops and services for daily living | 2 | |||||||||
Total favorable features | 2 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 12 | 1 | |
Distance to destination mix | 1 | |||||||||
Distance to parks, natural features, and public open space | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Distance to recreational facilities | 3 | |||||||||
Distance to shops and services for daily living | 4 | |||||||||
Distance to walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 11 | 0 | |
Destination proximity total | 3 | 23 | 2 | |||||||
Disaster mitigation | General greenery | 1 | ||||||||
Trees and shade | 1 | |||||||||
Disaster mitigation total | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||||
Distance to public transport | 3 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |||||
Diverse housing and land use | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 9 | 1 | |||
Multi-component category | General environment supportive of physical activity | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
Walkability and walking-friendly environment | 1 | 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||
New urbanist designed development | 5 | 1 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 2 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 3 | |
General environment compromising physical activity | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
Multi-component category total | 7 | 8 | 4 | |||||||