Table 4 Synthesis of built environment associations with total walking and cycling
11D-category | Sub-category | Perceived | Objective | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | ||
Density | 3 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 15 | 0 | 4 | 15 | 0 | |
Design | Connectivity | 3 | 2 | 11 | ||||||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | 7 | 1 | 7 | ||||||
Lot layout | 3 | 3 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 4 | 9 | 0 | 4 | 21 | 0 | 8 | 30 | 0 | |
Unfavorable connectivity features | 1 | 17 | ||||||||
Unfavorable walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 1 | 18 | 0 | |
Design total | 8 | 48 | 1 | |||||||
Desirability | General safety | 3 | 4 | |||||||
Crime safety | 5 | 4 | ||||||||
Traffic safety | 1 | 12 | 2 | |||||||
Aesthetics | 5 | 5 | 1 | |||||||
Total favorable features | 14 | 25 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 26 | 2 | |
Compromised general safety | 1 | |||||||||
Criminality and crime concerns | 5 | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Traffic hazards and concerns | 3 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
Unfavorable aesthetics | 1 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 10 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 13 | 2 | |
Desirability total | 16 | 39 | 2 | |||||||
Destination accessibility | Destination mix | 2 | ||||||||
Parks, natural features, and public open space | 3 | 27 | ||||||||
Public transport | 7 | |||||||||
Recreational facilities | 1 | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Shops and services for daily living | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
Friendly topography | 2 | |||||||||
Total favorable features | 4 | 9 | 4 | 37 | 8 | 46 | 0 | |||
Inaccessible shops and services for daily living | 1 | |||||||||
Unfriendly topography | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 2 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |||||
Destination accessibility total | 8 | 49 | 0 | |||||||
Destination proximity | Proximate destination mix | 1 | 1 | 9 | ||||||
Proximate parks, natural features, and public open space | 1 | 1 | 2 | 22 | ||||||
Proximate school/work | 6 | 1 | ||||||||
Proximate recreational facilities | 7 | 1 | ||||||||
Proximate shops and services for daily living | 5 | 2 | 27 | 3 | ||||||
Total favorable features | 2 | 13 | 1 | 4 | 65 | 4 | 6 | 78 | 5 | |
Distance to recreational facilities | 6 | |||||||||
Distance to parks, natural features, and public open space | 2 | |||||||||
Distance to shops and services for daily living | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
Distance to school/work | 3 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 1 | 13 | 0 | 13 | 1 | |||||
Destination proximity total | 7 | 91 | 5 | |||||||
Disaster mitigation | Trees and shade | 1 | 1 | 5 | ||||||
Parks and park area | 8 | |||||||||
Disaster mitigation total | 1 | 1 | 13 | 2 | 13 | 0 | ||||
Distance to public transport | 14 | 0 | 14 | 0 | ||||||
Diverse housing and land use | 15 | 0 | 15 | 0 | ||||||
Multi-component category | General environment supportive of physical activity | 6 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
Walkability and walking-friendly environment | 2 | 3 | 9 | |||||||
New urbanist designed development | 6 | 6 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 8 | 2 | 9 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 0 | |||
General environment compromising physical activity | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Multicomponent category | 17 | 19 | 0 | |||||||