Table 3 Synthesis of built environment associations with recreational physical activity
11D-category | Sub-category | Perceived | Objective | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | ||
Demand management | Parking support | 2 | ||||||||
Parking restrictions | 1 | |||||||||
Demand management total | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | |
Density | 1 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 1 | 3 | 24 | 1 | |
Design | Connectivity | 3 | 16 | 2 | 6 | 10 | ||||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 5 | 27 | 2 | 8 | ||||||
Lot layout | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 8 | 43 | 2 | 10 | 20 | 0 | 18 | 63 | 2 | |
Unfavorable connectivity features | 11 | 1 | ||||||||
Unfavorable walking/cycling infrastructure | 3 | 1 | ||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 14 | 2 | |
Design total | 20 | 77 | 2 | |||||||
Desirability | General safety | 8 | 12 | 2 | ||||||
Crime safety | 5 | 9 | 2 | |||||||
Traffic safety | 5 | 22 | 3 | |||||||
Aesthetics | 8 | 16 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 26 | 59 | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 26 | 64 | 2 | |
Compromised general safety | 3 | |||||||||
Criminality and crime concerns | 15 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
Traffic hazards and concerns | 8 | 4 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Unfavorable aesthetics | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 27 | 6 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 31 | 6 | |
Desirability total | 32 | 95 | 3 | |||||||
Destination accessibility | Destination mix | 7 | 6 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||
Parks, natural features, and public open space | 1 | 14 | 5 | 14 | 1 | |||||
Public transport | 1 | 8 | ||||||||
Recreational facilities | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
Shops and services for daily living | 2 | 10 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 2 | |||||||||
Friendly topography | 2 | |||||||||
Total favorable features | 10 | 37 | 1 | 9 | 28 | 1 | 19 | 65 | 2 | |
Inaccessible parks, natural features, and public open space | 1 | |||||||||
Unfriendly topography | 8 | 1 | ||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 9 | 1 | ||||
Destination accessibility total | 20 | 74 | 2 | |||||||
Destination proximity | Proximate destination mix | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Proximate parks, natural features, and public open space | 4 | 8 | 2 | 22 | 1 | |||||
Proximate school/work | 1 | 4 | ||||||||
Proximate recreational facilities | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Proximate shops and services for daily living | 2 | 1 | 2 | 9 | ||||||
Total favorable features | 6 | 17 | 1 | 7 | 37 | 1 | 13 | 54 | 2 | |
Travel time or distance | 1 | |||||||||
Proximate unfavorable destination mix | 1 | |||||||||
Distance to recreational facilities | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
Distance to destination mix | 1 | |||||||||
Distance to parks, natural features, and public open space | 2 | |||||||||
Distance to shops and services for daily living | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
Distance to school/work | 2 | |||||||||
Distance to walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 1 | 1 | 1 | 14 | 2 | 1 | 15 | 3 | ||
Destination proximity total | 16 | 69 | 3 | |||||||
Disaster mitigation | General greenery | 3 | 2 | |||||||
Trees and shade | 1 | 1 | 5 | |||||||
Parks and park area | 4 | |||||||||
Unspecified | 1 | |||||||||
Disaster mitigation total | 1 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 16 | 0 | ||||
Distance to public transport | 4 | 12 | 0 | 16 | 0 | |||||
Diverse housing and land use | 5 | 20 | 0 | 25 | 0 | |||||
Multi-component category | General environment supportive of physical activity | 9 | 2 | 4 | ||||||
Walkability and walking-friendly environment | 2 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 1 | |||||
New urbanist designed development | 10 | 16 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 11 | 3 | 14 | 35 | 1 | 25 | 38 | 1 | ||
General environment compromising physical activity | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||||
Multicomponent category total | 25 | 39 | 2 | |||||||