Table 2 Synthesis of built environment associations with active transport
11D-category | Sub-category | Perceived | Objective | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
+ | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | + | 0 | - | ||
Demand management | Parking restrictions | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Parking support | 1 | |||||||||
Demand management total | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
Density | 1 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 18 | 1 | 5 | 23 | 1 | |
Design | Connectivity | 2 | 15 | 1 | 7 | 8 | ||||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 2 | 21 | 4 | 8 | ||||||
Lot layout | 2 | 2 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 4 | 36 | 1 | 13 | 18 | 0 | 17 | 54 | 1 | |
Unfavorable connectivity features | 2 | 1 | 11 | |||||||
Unfavorable walking/cycling infrastructure | 3 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 14 | 2 | |
Design total | 19 | 68 | 2 | |||||||
Desirability | General safety | 2 | 4 | 1 | ||||||
Crime safety | 2 | 10 | ||||||||
Traffic safety | 6 | 18 | 3 | |||||||
Aesthetics | 1 | 16 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 11 | 48 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 11 | 51 | 1 | |
Compromised general safety | 2 | |||||||||
Criminality and crime concerns | 14 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
Traffic hazards and concerns | 9 | 3 | 3 | |||||||
Unfavorable aesthetics | 2 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 27 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 33 | 4 | |||
Desirability total | 15 | 84 | 1 | |||||||
Destination accessibility | Destination mix | 3 | 5 | 1 | 4 | |||||
Parks, natural features, and public open space | 2 | 6 | 4 | 14 | ||||||
Public transport | 3 | 1 | 3 | 7 | ||||||
Recreational facilities | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
Shops and services for daily living | 4 | 7 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
Walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | |||||||||
Friendly topography | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 13 | 23 | 1 | 11 | 27 | 0 | 24 | 49 | 1 | |
Inaccessible public transport | 2 | |||||||||
Inaccessible walking/cycling infrastructure | 1 | |||||||||
Unfriendly topography | 6 | 1 | ||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 | |
Destination accessibility total | 24 | 57 | 3 | |||||||
Destination proximity | Proximate destination mix | 2 | 1 | |||||||
Proximate parks, natural features, and public open space | 4 | 3 | 14 | |||||||
Proximate recreational facilities | 5 | 1 | ||||||||
Proximate shops and services for daily living | 2 | 11 | ||||||||
Proximate sport and exercise facilities | 1 | |||||||||
Proximate school/work | 4 | 1 | ||||||||
Total favorable features | 2 | 11 | 0 | 4 | 31 | 1 | 6 | 42 | 1 | |
Proximate unfavorable destinations | 1 | |||||||||
Distance to recreational facilities | 2 | 5 | ||||||||
Distance to parks, natural features, and public open space | 1 | |||||||||
Distance to shops and services for daily living | 3 | 2 | ||||||||
Distance to school/work | 1 | 2 | ||||||||
General travel distance or time | 3 | |||||||||
Total unfavorable features | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 12 | 2 | 0 | 14 | 6 | |
Destination proximity total | 12 | 56 | 1 | |||||||
Disaster mitigation | General greenery | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
Trees and shade | 1 | 1 | 4 | |||||||
Parks and park area | 4 | |||||||||
Disaster mitigation total | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 3 | 11 | 0 | |
Distance to public transport | 2 | 13 | 0 | 15 | 0 | |||||
Diverse housing and land use | 2 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 19 | 0 | 4 | 22 | 0 | |
Multi-component category | General environment supportive of physical activity | 3 | 4 | 2 | ||||||
Walkability and walking-friendly environment | 4 | 2 | 14 | 7 | ||||||
New urbanist designed development | 10 | 16 | 1 | |||||||
Total favorable features | 7 | 6 | 0 | 24 | 25 | 1 | 31 | 31 | 1 | |
General environment compromising physical activity | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||||
Multicomponent category total | 31 | 32 | 1 | |||||||