Table 1 Summary of agent attributes at baseline, and the data/ empirical sources informing these

\({SES}_{i}\)

Socioeconomic strata (SES)

Categorical ∈ [SES1, SES2, SES3, SES4, SES5, SES6]

Colombia’s national socioeconomic classification system is based on housing and neighbourhood-level characteristics. The strata range from lowest (SES1) to highest (SES6) and serve as a proxy for household income. Randomly assigned with proportion of residents belonging to each socioeconomic stratum (SES1 = 0.11; SES2 = 0.3; SES3 = 0.36; SES4 = 0.16; SES5 = 0.04; SES6 = 0.03) derived from the 2019 Bogotá Household Travel Survey [27]

\({w}_{i}\)

Daily personal income (COP/ day)

\(\left\{{w}_{i}\in {\mathbb{R}}\,|\ {w}_{i}>0\right\}\)

Daily personal income, in Colombian Pesos per day. Separate personal income distributions were derived for each SES group using monthly household income and average household size data from the 2019 Bogotá Household Travel Survey [27]. Values were drawn at random from log normal (for SES 1 & 2) and normal distributions (for SES 3, 4 & 6) based on the agent’s SES. Values remain constant over time. For information on how these distributions were derived and their characterization, refer to Supplement S1a

\({g}_{i}\)

Gender

Categorical \(\in\) [male, female]

Randomly assigned with proportion of male (0.54) and female (0.46) residents derived from the 2019 Bogotá Household Travel Survey [27]

\({c}_{i}\)

Car ownership

Categorical \(\in\) [car, no car]

Randomly assigned with proportion of car, motorbike and bicycle owners in each SES group informed by 2019 Bogotá Household Travel Survey [27]. Values remain constant

Proportion with car: SES1 = 0.13; SES2 = 0.21;

SES3 = 0.39; SES4 = 0.64; SES5 = 0.81; SES6 = 0.80

Proportion with motorbike: SES1 = 0.17; SES2 = 0.17;

SES3 = 0.13; SES4 = 0.06; SES5 = 0.06; SES6 = 0.05

Proportion with bicycle: SES1 = 0.24; SES2 = 0.35;

SES3 = 0.41; SES4 = 0.43; SES5 = 0.45; SES6 = 0.41

\({m}_{i}\)

Motorbike ownership

Categorical \(\in\) [motorbike, no motorbike]

\({b}_{i}\)

Bicycle ownership

Categorical \(\in\) [bicycle, no bicycle]

\({s}_{i}\)

Safety risk sensitivity

\(\begin{array}{l}\left\{{s}_{i}\in \left\{0.1, 0.2, 0.3\right\}|\ {SES}_{i}=1 \,or\ 2\right\}\\ \left\{{s}_{i}\in \left\{0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7\right\}|\ {SES}_{i}=3 \,or\ 4\right\}\\ \left\{{s}_{i}\in \left\{0.8, 0.9, 1\right\}|\ {SES}_{i}=5 \,or\ 6\right\}\end{array}\)

Randomly drawn from uniform distribution of decimal values based on SES group. Represents level of risk aversion and remains constant over time. Assumed to be lowest among low SES agents due to lack of access to diverse forms of transportation and higher baseline exposure to crime which might result in relative desensitization to crime compared to higher SES groups

\({SRlog}_{im}\)

Memory of agent \(i\)’s experiences of crime/ victimization while travelling via mode \(m\)

Categorical \(\in\) [0, 1]

Initialized as zero and updated each time agent \(i\) travels using mode \(m\). Characterizes agent \(i\)’s 120 most recent travel experiences using mode \(m\) (as detailed in Supplement S1d)

\({sr}_{im}\)

Perceived risk to personal safety score

of travel with mode \(m\)

\(\left\{{sr}_{im}\in {\mathbb{R}}\,|\ 0\le {sr}_{im} \le 1\right\}\)

Initialized as zero and updated each time agent \(i\) travels using mode \(m\), according to safety risk rule

\(tval\)

Value of time

Weight for the value of time in calibrated model = 3.5

\(mval\)

Value of money

Weight for the value of money set to 1

\(exval\)

Value of exercise

Weight for the value of exercise in calibrated model = 0.6

\({Tlog}_{im}\)

Memory of agent \(i\)’s travel time using mode \(m\)

Initialized as zero and updated each time agent \(i\) travels using mode \(m\). Characterizes agent \(i\)’s travel time over the course of the past 20 completed trips using mode \(m\) (as detailed in Supplement S1d)

\({PAlog}_{im}\)

Memory of agent \(i\)’s physical activity using mode \(m\)

Initialized as zero and updated each time agent \(i\) travels using mode \(m\)